Consumer Alert Essays - 817 Words

Consumer Alert nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In an era when free enterprise is the key to an efficient, productive, and successful country, business sometimes digresses from their true duties of producing goods and services at an honest and decent price. Consumer Alert, founded in 1977, was founded with a single purpose in mind: quot;to advance the consumer interest through advocacy of free-market solutions to consumer dissatisfaction and scrutiny of any action which discourages competition in the marketplace.quot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Consumer Alert was founded in 1977 as a national, non-profit membership organization for people concerned about excessive growth of government regulation at the national and state levels.†¦show more content†¦Consumer Alert depends on contributions from individual donors, corporations, and foundations to protect consumer choice and competition and promote sound science. Some basic facts about Consumer Alert are that the size of their annual budget (1988) was $411,900. This helps to maintain their bimonthly publication, Consumer Alerts Comments, and pay their full-time president, vice-president, and contracted legal counsel. Currently, their salaried executive officer is Frances B. Smith, and his office is where his lobbying is needed most, Washington DC. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Consumer Alert has only one interest in mind, and only a single area where their influence can be fully realized. With a central office in Washington DC, Consumer Alert is always up-to-the-minute on news that effects the consuming public. They are continually active in issues such as privatization, free trade, deregulation in the marketplace, reduction in government spending, and a balanced budget without tax increase. Consumer Alert operates the National Consumer Coalition, which is comprised of 20 public policy organizations. Members of the coalition participate in various events, including a Washington DC forum that examines critical consumer issues. The coalition advances solutions to real consumer problems and seeks the most cost- effective manner in which to achieve desired results. As the coalitions sponsor, Consumer Alert actively publicizes public policy achievements byShow MoreRelatedSocial Media is Changing the Way People Live861 Words   |  3 Pagesand products thanks to online reviews and forums. People often share on Social Media their experiences with above said, saving others time, and money through re commendation’s as well as poor reviews. Networks and socialization is changing the way consumers buy. On a separate note of change social media aids in making the news easily accessible and does so in a quick manner. This makes the lives of everyone better, easier and at times safer. People can access the weather, be updated on weather warningsRead MoreHow Much Are Your Google Searches Worth?1890 Words   |  8 Pagescollect consumer data from online searches and transactions, and sell it at the highest bidding price. The act of collecting and selling consumer data is called data brokering. Companies such as Acxiom Corp. and Datalogix are turning data brokering into a billion-dollar industry. These companies solicit that data brokering improves advertisements, quality of product, and fraud prevention. However, many individuals are concerned that it is an invasion of privacy and poses a threat to the consumers andRead MoreResearch on Consumer Awareness13028 Words   |  53 PagesProject Report On â€Å"Consumer Awareness In India† Submitted To: Prof. Nadeem Merchant (Research Methodology) Submitted By: Division â€Å"B† Aniket nimonkar 36 Jayesh prabhu 43 Atul rane 46 Neha zunjarrao 68 Anjuman-I-Islam’s Allana Institute Of Management Studies amp; Research Mumbai University Academic Year 2011-2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In making this project report a lot of people have contributed by giving us the required knowledge and time, we would like to thank all of them. It is becauseRead MoreConsumer Awareness1675 Words   |  7 PagesCONSUMER AWARENESS GUIDELINES Be an Alert Consumer ! Also be a Responsible Consumer !! Issued by Government of Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Consumer Protection Department, Ezhilagam, Chennai-5. Phone: 044-28583222 / 28583422 Web: www.consumer.tn.gov.in E.mail: consumer@tn.nic.in A. WHO IS A CONSUMER? A †consumer† is a person who buys any goods or hires any service for valuable consideration (including deferred payment). The term does not include a person who obtains goods or services for resaleRead MoreThe Influence of Television Advertising on Consumer Choices841 Words   |  3 Pagesbig dispute about how it impacts on consumers choices. An advertising is used to alert and boost a particular product or service to certain consumers. To identify the consumers they find out their needs and wants, and then enlighten them, through an advertising. It is a easy way to promote any type of product. Advertising is something that come on television, radios, and sports games. Television advertising come on television everyday. It is some consumers can go outside of their residence andRead MoreWho Will Enforce The Acl?1279 Words   |  6 PagesAustralian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). †¢ Each state and territory’s consumer agency. They are: o For the Australian Capital Territory - ACT Office of Fair Trading (OFT) o For New South Wales - NSW Fair Trading o For Northern Territory - NT Consumer Affairs o For Queensland - Office of Fair Trading Queensland o For South Australia - SA Office of Consumer and Business Services (CBS) o For Tasmania - Consumer Affairs Fair Trading o For Victoria - Consumer Affairs Victoria (CAV) o ForRead MoreA Brief Note On Occupational Health And Safety1473 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity. Consumers expect to shop on the basis of price and quality without fear of harm from the goods, even for less expensive products. Under the Australian Consumer Law, suppliers are responsible for selling consumer goods that are safe and fit for purpose. This includes goods that are subject to a mandatory safety standard or ban, as well as all other consumer goods, and in fact many goods that cause injury are not subject to mandatory safety requirements. Bans A limited number of consumer productsRead MoreThe Consumer Protection Of Australia2370 Words   |  10 PagesThere are certain laws that govern the Australian consumers. These are the consumer protection laws that apply where an individual tends to sell products to an individual who is in the Australian jurisdiction (Product safety rules and standards, 2016). These laws are known as the Australian Consumer Laws (CPL). Once an individual provides himself or herself with a manufacturer or a supplier, the individual has legal obligation to comply with the safety standards of the Australian safety standardsRead MoreMedicare: Health Insurance in the United States and Social Security1975 Words   |  8 PagesFederal Trade Commission and federal consumer credit laws seek to do? What is the relationship between these consumer protection laws and patient privacy laws? The FTC along with four federal consumer credit laws all aim to help protect patients’ credit rights, although hospitals are not required to extend credit to patients, and these consumer protection laws tend to conflict with patient privacy laws (Hammaker, 2011). The Federal Trade Commission works for consumers to prevent fraudulent, deceptiveRead MoreBiotechnology Product Manufacturing Industry Engenders Medicines, Treatments, And Vaccines1986 Words   |  8 Pages(FDDI) token ring protocol reduces staff expenditures including interstation latency to facilitate IT managers of the immense quantities of consumer, inventory, employee, and financial documents. The Oracle data sets of the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) utilize the Structured Query Language (SQL) of marketing to research the behavior of consumers (Coactive Networks, 1998). The automation support is the Systems Applications and Products (SAP) a cost effective solution for productivity

Supernatural Elements In Shakespeares Macbeth - 1305 Words

Powerful Influences: Supernatural Elements in Macbeth How might one’s power be altered if influenced by a mystical power? In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, unearthly presences can control an individual’s perspective on authority. Firstly, the support of a supernatural premonition will augment one’s desire for power. Secondly, the intervention of sinister prophecies changes an individual’s perspective on authority. Finally, God’s divine will impact one’s view on a supposedly corrupt sovereignty. As such, the presence of supernatural elements in Macbeth effect an individual’s perception of power. When a supernatural temptation is presented, one’s desire for power can be enhanced. Throughout this play, Macbeth relies on the witches’†¦show more content†¦I go, and it is done; the bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. (2. 1. 67-71) Unlike his previous uncertainty, Macbeth has resolved to kill King Duncan as the greed for power overcomes the guilt he feels. Macbeth fears that his courage will wither away, but the bell rings and he assures himself that the murder is as good as done. The bell symbolizes the beginning of Macbeth’s pursuit for power; however, it signals the end of the reign of King Duncan. Macbeth’s evil crime marks the change in his view of power as he now sees it as tangible object he can obtain unlike before where it was completely out of his reach as he was not heir to the throne. By succumbing to the supernatural temptations, Macbeth follows a path where he can obtain the most sovereignty. Secondly, the veracity behind the supernatural elements will intervene with an individual’s view of authority. Out of curiosity, Banquo asks the three witches about his fate. However, he is more suspicious about the prophecy and questions the truthfulness behind their words: â€Å"[. . . ] The instruments of darkness tell us truths, / win us with hones trifles, to betray us / In deepest consequence.† (1. 3. 133-135). Banquo believes that while the witches speak the truth, they will eventually have to suffer the consequences of this knowledge. His doubtfulness toward the prophecies cause him to worry about the actions Macbeth will take toShow MoreRelated Supernatural Elements in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay2497 Words   |  10 PagesConsider the use that Shakespeare makes of supernatural elements in the play Macbeth. In the Shakespearean era, there was an eruption of superstition and alleged witchcraft. The people of that time had strong hatred for the ‘devil worshiping’ witches and had various trials and tests to determine their fate. Shakespeare used this as inspiration for his play ‘Macbeth’ We see the character of Macbeth go through a personality transformation after a powerful predicament from Three witches. StartingRead MoreRole of Supernatural in Shakespeares a Midsummer Nights Dream1547 Words   |  7 PagesStudy of Shakespeares Use of the Supernatural (Penn State University, English 444.2: Spring 1998) by Fred Coppersmith Near the end of the opening scene of Macbeth, Shakespeares three Weird Sisters proclaim in unison that fair is foul, and foul is fair, providing us, as readers, with perhaps the best understanding of the plays theme and the tragic downfall of its central character. That this revelation -- this pronouncement that all is not well in Scotland -- comes from a supernatural or otherworldlyRead MoreMacbeth Themes899 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"What are the major themes in Macbeth† By Connor Maguire William Shakespeare’s Macbeth a play complete with many themes and viewpoints. The themes are exhibited by the main characters of the play, notably antagonist Macbeth. Themes seen in the play include ambition, where is is portrayed as both dangerous and unnatural. However, it does exist in both good and evil forms in the play. Another theme seen is whether Macbeths actions in the play are a result of fate, or free will. Although outsideRead MoreSupernatural Soliciting Within Shakespeare s Macbeth1728 Words   |  7 PagesJulia Sawicka Ms. Paolone ENG3U1d Monday, November 6th, 2017 Supernatural Soliciting within Shakespeare s Macbeth Shakespeare’s Macbeth is broadly known as a cursed play by a myriad of individuals globally. Given its appalling history of death and disorder, as well as the supernatural elements present within the play, many have come to the latter conclusion. To add, Macbeth is also a tragedy, adding more malediction to the already allegedly accursed play. To create such a tragic, ill-fatedRead More The Supernatural in Shakespeares Works Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Supernatural in Shakespeares Works No one questions the fact that William Shakespeare is a pure genius when it comes to creating immortal characters whose characteristics transcends those of the normal supernatural beings, but most students of literature agree that his uses of the supernatural aren’t merely figments of his creative imagination. Every man, woman, and child is influenced by the age into which they are born and Shakespeare was no exception. Not only does his use of supernaturalRead MoreThe Supernatural Element Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1265 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is interesting is what each supernatural element represents in Shakespeare’s society and in our current society. The supernatural elements in Macbeth include fate, the witches, mythological beings, ghosts, and apparitions. I believe that the witches in Shakespeare’s time, in the play and in real life, represent the power of choice. The power to be able to decide to commit murder or any other heinous act or decide to let things naturally happen shows the classic choice between good and evil,Read MoreShakespeares Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesThe supernatural was a popular element in many of the plays written in Shakespeares time (including Hamlet) and everyone of Shakespeares time found the supernatural fascinating. Even King James I took a special interest in supernatural and written a book, Daemonologie, on witchcraft. It must be remembered that, in Shakespeares day, supernatural referred to things that were above Nature; things which existed, but not part of the normal human life and unexplainable. The play Macbeth involves manyRead MoreThe Supernatural Elements Displayed in The Tragedy of Macbeth1224 Words   |  5 PagesWriters of the Renaissance often wrote about supernatural elements. William Shakespeare is a writer during this period, and he is also the author of The Tragedy of Macbeth. The supernatural elements are the key contributors to the play . They add fear and mystery to the novel. Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Macbeth, displays many supernatural elements: the nature, ghosts, and the witches are the most significant. People during the Renaissance were very superstitious; consequently, their connectionRead MoreOccult and Supernatural Elements in Macbeth1402 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough Macbeth is not classed as being a supernatural play or a play of the occult, there are some elements in the play that Shakespeare uses to effect. It is necessary however, to define what is meant by the terms ‘occult’ and ‘supernatural’: the term ‘occult’ is defined as being ‘supernatural beliefs, practises or phenomenon’ and the term ‘supernatural’ is defined as being ‘attributed to some force beyond scientific understanding or the laws of nature’; both these terms can be associated withRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tragedy Of Macbeth1207 Words   |  5 Pages The ‘Tragedy of Macbeth’ (also known as ‘Macbeth’) is a play written by William Shakespeare and it was first performed in 1606. This play presents plenty of themes through the action and dialogue throughout the play. Although the play is universally and most commonly referred to as the dark tragedy presented by Shakespeare. The most common themes that were introduced to the audience tend to be femininity versus masculinity, pride and honor, the role of supernatural, temptation and evil and a lot

Three Great Historical Leaders free essay sample

Many great historical leaders live up to the quote â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility†(Voltaire). In order to become a great leader, you need to have characteristics to be able to rule your country. Suleiman, Nelson Mandela and Queen Elizabeth 1st all exhibit characteristics of great leadership by inspiring their people and being well educated in literature and history. Suleiman, Nelson Mandela and Queen Elizabeth 1st all exhibit characteristics of great leadership by inspiring their people. Suleiman’s nickname was not the magnificent for no reason. He was a destructive military leader and â€Å"he was feared but also admired by his people†(Suleiman the Magnificent). By taking Istanbul and creating his own empire, he earned the name â€Å"the Lawgiver† by his people meaning that they accepted him as their notorious leader. Suleiman stroke fear into the hearts of his enemies and â€Å"always rode at the head of his army to inspire his troops†(Suleiman the Magnificent). We will write a custom essay sample on Three Great Historical Leaders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This told his troops to continue on and as long as he never gives up and continues fighting with all his might, they should too. Now Nelson Mandela was no notorious leader but he did achieve some great things for his people and his country. Against all odds, Mandela fought this new South African policy called apartheid and â€Å"spoke out against the injustice of white domination†(Nelson Mandela).Although he was put in jail for his acts against the government, â€Å"Mandela never lost his spirit or determination†(Nelson Mandela). He told his people to fight for what they believe in and that we should all strive for a free society with the same opportunities. The people heard him and the struggle for freedom ended when they chose him to be South Africa’s new president. Queen Elizabeth 1st is known to be the greatest sovereignty of England. She influenced her people to be well educated and â€Å"encouraged scientific thinking†(Queen Elizabeth 1st). With the se effects, explorers such as Sir Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh expanded the British Empire. To her people, Queen Elizabeth was a good and wise ruler and she was loved throughout her empire. With her environment being intelligent loyal advisors, Queen Elizabeth set an example to her people and â€Å"gave sound political device to her people†(Queen Elizabeth 1st).By ruling a fair government and using her education to teach people, the British society was advanced and very sophisticated. These 3 people exhibit characteristics of great leadership by being well educated in literature and history. With Suleiman, Istanbul became one of the most cultured cities in the world. Suleiman used artists and philosophers to represent their ideas, along with â€Å"Suleiman himself being a prolific poet and writer†(Suleiman the Magnificent). Suleiman provided art societies to artists that soon became a part of the royal circle that â€Å"provided training systems for artists†(Suleiman the Magnificent). These training systems developed into artists being able to get paid a reasonable amount and live in an aristocratic culture. Suleiman created â€Å"an efficient legal system and a well-organized government†(Suleiman the Magnificent) by using what he learned with literature and artistic culture. When Suleiman died, he left a strong civilization and a strong military. When it comes to Nelson Mandela, he turned a dream into a reality. When they put him in jail, â €Å"prisoners benefited from spending time with him by learning history and political strategy†(Nelson Mandela). Mandela spread the word about the corruption in the government in the prison and was commemorated by naming the prison Mandela University. By being well educated, Mandela was able to work along with President F.W de Klerk to â€Å"persuade white South Africans to work for change with black South Africans†(Nelson Mandela). Mandela spoke for the good of both white and black citizens of South Africa. Queen Elizabeth was a gifted scholar who knew how to speak multiple languages. Literacy Rates increased with her as queen and â€Å"great poets and playwrights, such as William Shakespeare created works that are still greatly admired†(Queen Elizabeth 1st). Education played a critical role in the life of Queen Elizabeth. With an early lead on literature and history, she was â€Å"highly accomplished in the art of rhetoric and public relations†(Queen El izabeth 1st). This helped her defeat the Spanish Armada with armed vessels and navy ships. With Queen Elizabeth in reign, the British society had great achievements in Art. To conclude, these 3 people were one of the most commonly known leaders in the world. Specific characteristics are what made them so successful. Suleiman, Nelson Mandela and Queen Elizabeth 1st all exhibit characteristics of great leadership by inspiring their people and being well educated in literature and history.

Over Population Essays (1509 words) - China, Communist States

Over Population One of the more extreme measures taken in an attempt to control population has been Chinas one-child policy. Population advocate Garet Hardin suggests the rest of the world adopt similar policies. This paper is to show a countrys government acting on theories that Hardin is popular for and the ethical and environmental effects that it had on people and the land. Hardin fails to see the ethical problems laid out by governments that suppress peoples thoughts and beliefs. Hardin states that throughout most of history theres been no need for concern about population control. Nature would come along with epidemic diseases and take care of the matter for us. Disease has been the primary population controller in the past. Because widespread disease and famine no longer exist, we have to find other means to stop population increases (Spencer 1992, pp.61-2). Mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon is a misnomer as Hardin routinely supports the actions of authoritarian governments who rarely seek consent for their actions. When asked about the one child policy Hardin said that the Chinese government didnt go far enough. He gave the Chinese credit for officially recognizing that they have a problem and for having the nerve to propose the single-child program .. he thought the failure was by not making the directive universal throughout the country. The one-child policy is only enforced in congested urban areas. People in rural regions continue to have too many children -- so the Chinese havent solved their problems at all. (Spencer 1992, p.60). Before 1950, there was an old Stalinist custom in China of rewarding heroic mothers giving birth to the largest number of children. This was more then a custom it was a way of life in China till Ma Yin Chu began to publish some articles on population. Ma Yin Chu was the president of Beijing University and was one of the first people to voice his concern over the steady growth of Chinas population. Between 1959-1961 there was a great famine in China that got everyones attention. Resources for such a large population were scarce. The government recognized that something had to be done about the population. Distribution of contraceptions, promotion of late marriages, and two child families were all part of a post famine campaign by the government. This lasted less then four years as Chinas population began to increase again. The government began to release propaganda. The slogan Wan Xi Shao, Later - Longer - Fewer, ran through the streets of China. The efforts focused on the postponement of marriages, increased spacing of births, and the limitation of family sizes. The governments efforts were vastly ignored in the countryside. Around the time Ma Yin Chu began to publish articles on population, the Communist rule took over in China. The Communist were ruled by Mao Zedong. Mao directed most of his energy into the Chinese economy. In 1958, Mao created an economic plan called the great leap forward. This plan called for the people to use their will power to improve the economy. The lack of technology and capital made the plan back fire and lead the people into the great famine. In the early to mid 1960s the Communist party split into the radicals and the moderates. Mao gave his support to the radicals and tried again to focus on the economy. Coming off the great famine many wanted Mao to find a solution to the growing population. China still was not ready to recognize the stress the population had on the country. The United States relations with China had been weak mostly because of the Communist view. In 1972, Richard Nixion decided to visit China. Both countries began to recognize the potential economic benefits of trade between the nations. This improved relationship gave China a better look of the modernization that was currently going on in the west. In 1978, China decided that they liked what they saw. Having more than one fifth of the worlds population, China had very little power in the world. In 1978, China realized they already had the manpower, so they set out to modernize the country. The efforts to modernize made China take a hard look at their population. They saw that foreign trade of

House of the Risin Sun essays

House of the Risin Sun essays In order to understand the song House of the Risin Sun we need first to have a short look at Bob Dylan and his music. Bob Dylan was born in 1941 in Minnesota. He was a regular child and he became interested in music only while being in high school, when he learned to play piano and guitar. From these basic musical skills, Dylan constantly acquiring new knowledge and experience in music has grown to be the master of folk music in the period of rock expansion. It is a big achievement to successfully promote old country in such a period of time, when rock dominated. Many people loved his music. Therefore, there should be something special in his songs, which firmly stand out from many other different folk songs. It was suggested that folk was constantly dying and became less popular with each year. However, Dylan managed to prove opposite. Bob Dylans song House of the Risin Sun is from his second album The Freewheelin. Critics suggest that this one was much better than his first album, and is still considered to be one of Dylans best albums. This album is basically the collection of different folk songs that were changed by Dylan. What then made him so popular, well, people still do not know. When I have listened through his album, I just wanted to turn it off. His songs are very simple and dull. They are also very boring. The songs of this album are mainly folk of a very poor quality, which is basically one of the most primitive forms of music I have ever heard. Well, song House of the Risin Sun is considered to be the best one out this second album. The author of this song is unknown and Bob Dylan just has changed some words in it. People who like folk say that this song is simply good (cannot argue about that, since I do not like folk and I know cases when really primitive songs can be touching and may sound very well). This song is considered to be rock classic. Dylan si...

Battle of Corregidor, 1942 - World War II

Battle of Corregidor, 1942 - World War II The Battle of Corregidor was fought May 5-6, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was the last major engagement of the Japanese conquest of the Philippines. A fortress island, Corregidor commanded access to Manila Bay and housed a multitude of batteries. With the Japanese invasion in 1941, American and Filipino forces withdrew to the Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor to await assistance from abroad. While fighting raged along the Bataan line in early 1942, Corregidor served as the headquarters for General Douglas MacArthur until he was ordered to leave for Australia in March. With the peninsulas fall in April, the Japanese shifted their attention to capturing Corregidor. Landing on May 5, Japanese forces overcame fierce resistance before compelling the garrison to capitulate. As part of the Japanese terms, Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright was made to surrender all American forces in the Philippines. Fast Facts: Battle of Corregidor (1942) Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: May 5-6, 1942Armies Commanders:AlliesLieutenant General Jonathan WainwrightBrigadier General Charles F. MooreColonel Samuel Howard13,000 menJapanLieutenant General Masaharu HommaMajor General Kureo TanaguchiMajor General Kizon Mikami75,000 menCasualties:Allies: 800 killed, 1,000 wounded, and 11,000 capturedJapanese: 900 killed, 1,200 wounded Background Located in Manila Bay, just south of the Bataan Peninsula, Corregidor served as a key element in the Allied defensive plans for the Philippines in the years after World War I. Officially designated Fort Mills, the small island was shaped like a tadpole and was heavily fortified with numerous coastal batteries which mounted 56 guns of various sizes. The wide western end of the island, known as Topside, contained most of the islands guns, while barracks and support facilities were located on a plateau to the east known as Middleside. Further east was Bottomside which contained the town of San Jose as well as dock facilities (Map). Looming over this area was Malinta Hill which housed an array of fortified tunnels. The main shaft ran east-west for 826 feet and possessed 25 lateral tunnels. These housed the offices for General Douglas MacArthurs headquarters as well as storage areas. Connected to this system was a second set of tunnels to the north which contained a 1,000-bed hospital and medical facilities for the garrison (Map). General Douglas MacArthur, 1945. Library of Congress Further to the east, the island tapered to a point where an airfield was located. Due the perceived strength of Corregidors defenses, it was dubbed the Gibraltar of the East. Supporting Corregidor, were three other facilities around Manila Bay: Fort Drum, Fort Frank, and Fort Hughes. With the beginning of the Philippines Campaign in December 1941, these defenses were led by Major General George F. Moore. The Japanese Land Following smaller landings earlier in the month, Japanese forces came ashore in force at Luzons Lingayen Gulf on December 22. Though attempts were made to hold the enemy on the beaches, these efforts failed and by nightfall the Japanese were safely ashore. Recognizing that the enemy could not be pushed back, MacArthur implemented War Plan Orange 3 on December 24. This called for some American and Filipino forces to assume blocking positions while the remainder withdrew to a defensive line on the Bataan Peninsula to the west of Manila. To oversee operations, MacArthur shifted his headquarters to the Malinta Tunnel on Corregidor. For this, he was derisively nicknamed Dugout Doug by the troops fighting on Bataan. Allied anti-aircraft gunners on Corregidor, 1941/2. Photograph Courtesy of the US Army Over the next several days, efforts were made to shift supplies and resources to the peninsula with the goal of holding out until reinforcements could arrive from the United States. As the campaign progressed, Corregidor first came under attack on December 29 when Japanese aircraft began a bombing campaign against the island. Lasting for several days, these raids destroyed many of the buildings on the island including the Topside and Bottomside barracks as well as the US Navys fuel depot (Map). Preparing Corregidor In January, the air raids diminished and efforts commenced to enhance the islands defenses. While fighting raged on Bataan, the defenders of Corregidor, consisting largely of Colonel Samuel L. Howards 4th Marines and elements of several other units, endured siege conditions as food supplies slowly dwindled. As the situation on Bataan deteriorated, MacArthur received orders from President Franklin Roosevelt to leave the Philippines and escape to Australia. Initially refusing, MacArthur was convinced by his chief of staff to go. Departing on the night of March 12, 1942, he turned over command in the Philippines to Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright. Traveling by PT boat to Mindanao, MacArthur and his party then flew to Australia on a B-17 Flying Fortress. Back in the Philippines, efforts to resupply Corregidor largely failed as ships were intercepted by the Japanese. Prior to its fall, only one vessel, the MV Princessa, successfully eluded the Japanese and reached the island with provisions. As the position on Bataan neared collapse, around 1,200 men were shifted to Corregidor from the peninsula. With no alternatives remaining, Major General Edward King was forced to surrender Bataan on April 9. Having secured Bataan, Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma turned his attention to capturing Corregidor and eliminating enemy resistance around Manila. On April 28, Major General Kizon Mikamis 22nd Air Brigade began an aerial offensive against the island. A Desperate Defense Shifting artillery to the southern part of Bataan, Homma began a relentless bombardment of the island on May 1. This continued until May 5 when Japanese troops under Major General Kureo Tanaguchi boarded landing craft to assault Corregidor. Just before midnight, an intense artillery barrage hammered the area between North and Cavalry Points near the islands tail. Storming the beach, the initial wave of 790 Japanese infantry met fierce resistance and was hampered by oil which had washed ashore on Corregidors beaches from the numerous ships sunk in the area. Hospital in the Malinta Tunnel, Corregidor. US Army Though American artillery exacted a heavy toll on the landing fleet, the troops on the beach succeeded in gaining a foothold after making effective use of Type 89 grenade dischargers known as knee mortars. Fighting heavy currents, the second Japanese attack attempted to land further east. Hit hard as they came ashore, the assaulting forces lost most of their officers early in the fighting was largely repulsed by the 4th Marines. The survivors then shifted west to join with the first wave. Struggling inland, the Japanese began to make some gains and by 1:30 AM on May 6 had captured Battery Denver. Becoming a focal point of the battle, the 4th Marines quickly moved to recover the battery. Heavy fighting ensued which became hand-to-hand but ultimately saw the Japanese slowly overwhelm the Marines as reinforcements arrived from the mainland. The Island Falls With the situation desperate, Howard committed his reserves around 4:00 AM. Moving forward, approximately 500 Marines were slowed by Japanese snipers which had infiltrated through the lines. Though suffering from ammunition shortages, the Japanese took advantage of their superior numbers and continued to press the defenders. Around 5:30 AM, approximately 880 reinforcements landed in the island and moved to support the initial assault waves. Four hours later, the Japanese succeeded in landing three tanks on the island. These proved key in driving the defenders back to concrete trenches near the entrance to the Malinta Tunnel. With over 1,000 helpless wounded in the Tunnels hospital and expecting additional Japanese forces to land on the island, Wainwright began to contemplate surrender. Surrender of American troops at Corregidor, Philippine Islands, May 1942. Photograph Courtesy of the National Archives Records Administration Aftermath Meeting with his commanders, Wainwright saw no other option but to capitulate. Radioing Roosevelt, Wainwright stated, There is a limit of human endurance, and that point has long been passed. While Howard burned the 4th Marines colors to prevent capture, Wainwright sent emissaries to discuss terms with Homma. Though Wainwright only wished to surrender the men on Corregidor, Homma insisted that he surrender all remaining US and Filipino forces in the Philippines. Concerned about those US forces that had already been captured as well as those on Corregidor, Wainwright saw little choice but comply with this order. As a result, large formations such as Major General William Sharps Visayan-Mindanao Force were forced to surrender without having played a role in the campaign. Though Sharp complied with the surrender order, many of his men continued to battle the Japanese as guerillas. The fighting for Corregidor saw Wainwright lose around 800 killed, 1,000 wounded, and 11,000 captured. Japanese losses numbered 900 killed and 1,200 wounded. While Wainwright was imprisoned in Formosa and Manchuria for the remainder of the war, his men were taken to prison camps around the Philippines as well as used for slave labor in other parts of the Japanese Empire. Corregidor remained under Japanese control until Allied forces liberated the island in February 1945. USS Claxton provides fire support during the Battle of Corregidor (1945). Photograph Courtesy of the US Government

Do you think there are groups of people whose potential contributions Essay

Do you think there are groups of people whose potential contributions have not yet been fully realized or appreciated What is s - Essay Example The reason that people from Cambodia today are in the third tier of the hierarchy in the United States is because they did not have many reasons to immigrate away from their home until 1975 when the Khmer Rouge gained political power and embarked to commit genocide as a means of controlling the people, almost all of whom experienced near death due to starvation, and many who today are still suffering from the effects of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (Davis). While many young people in the United States are not aware of the attempted genocide under the leadership of Pol Pot less than two decades before our birth, I feel that the small Cambodian population in the United States needs to be celebrated, elevated, and recognized for their incredible achievements not only in their ability to survive such horror, but also in their fortitude to succeed in the United States as many are today as small business owners who work long hours to ensure that their children have a better future. I pri marily worked to understand the past of our neighbors from the East and then accepted them as my equal.

Art and Society in the 19th Century. Compare and contrast different Assignment

Art and Society in the 19th Century. Compare and contrast different portraits of Queen Victoria in the nineteenth century - Assignment Example The motive for Fenton’s choice of this moment was that photographic methods widely used when they wedded in 1840 implied that there were extremely long exposure periods (Plunkett, 2003). Fenton took this photo in 1854 to imply that the exposure periods decreased substantially. Scholars and historians argue that Winterhalter’s charm, high-end style, and successful ability to catch a good resemblance often pushed Victoria to support Winterhalter’s artistry. This support is evident in the portrait â€Å"The Family of Queen Victoria† by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, which is also filled with symbolic significance (Plunkett, 2003). In numerous ways, this painting is the same as Fenton’s photograph â€Å"Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at Buckingham Palace.† This is because both pictures feminize Queen Victoria’s position (Plunkett,

As You Like It Essay (Advanced English) Essay Example for Free

As You Like It Essay (Advanced English) Essay A sense of belonging can be founded through an individual’s personal aspiration to inherently connect with other people. The interaction and interconnectedness of relationships can be viewed as the most significant factor influencing an individual’s sense of acceptance within their surrounding environment and ultimately will determine the level of affiliation they can acquire personally. The comedic play â€Å"As You Like It† composed by William Shakespeare (16th Century), examines the idea of belonging to people and its significant influence over an individual. Similarly, Ang Lee’s film â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† (1997), correspondingly explores the perception of belonging through the interaction and contact with people and the relationships that are innately developed. Through the use of characterisation within both texts, the notion is thoroughly explored to exert a deepened understanding of belonging to people and how it can significantly influence an individual in most cases favorably. However, there are some instances where an individual cannot find a personal sense of acceptance within the relationships they withhold and therefore do not achieve a sense of affiliation within their social surroundings. The idea that people and the relationships they develop are the most influential facet in deciphering ones’ sense of belonging, is thoroughly examined within Shakespeare’s â€Å"As You Like It†. This is evident through the characterisation of Rosalind and the loving familial relationship she has with her cousin Celia. As they both were â€Å"bred together† and grew up within the court , â€Å"from their cradles† to adulthood, both Celia and Rosalind have developed an inherent familial bond for one another becoming â€Å"inseparable†. Shakespeare’ emphasised on the loving and devout nature of their relationship to the audience by demonstrating Celia’s absolute adoration for Rosalind over her own Father. This can be observed when Rosalind was banished from her home, the court, by Duke Fredrick (Celia’s father). Celia’s sense of belonging to her father was weakened as he betrayed her familial trust and so asked him, à ¢â‚¬Å"Pronounce the sentence on me my liege, I cannot live without her company†. The formality of the blank verse illustrates her detachment from her father and demonstrates the breakdown in their filial relationship. However, Shakespeare has used this to illuminate Celia’s loyalty and familial belonging to Rosalind, thus conveying their â€Å"inseparable† nature and the strong sense of affiliation between one another. (337) Similarly, in â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† the widowed mother Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters are exiled from their home due to social expectations. However, even with the removal of their place of belonging it is their strong familial bonds and connections that allow them to find a sense of individual affiliation. This is evident towards the beginning of the film when they are introduced to their new home a small cottage in the country side which has just been juxtaposed with the Mansion seen in the previously. As they walk up towards the cottage their is a long shot that portrays the family walking towards the cottage together in a huddled group. Ang lee, has used this positioning of the camera and the actors to display the idea that it is within family they find belonging not place. This again supports the notion that belonging is most significantly founded within the people and relationships an individual withholds. (537) Furthermore, Shakespeare’s portrayal of the loving romantic relationship between Orlando and Rosalind additionally acts as a representation of how influential the contact between people can affect an individual’s sense of belonging. With Rosalind and Orlando finding themselves in the Forest of Arden due to the external influences of powerful men exerting their hate, such as Duke Fredrick and Oliver, both characters find themselves in similar circumstances. However, it is Orlando’s love that demonstrates his sense of affiliation to Rosalind through metaphorical language by comparing her to precious objects. He passionately declares, â€Å"No jewel is like Rosalind; Her worth, being mounted on the wind† which clearly exemplifies to the audience of his complete love for her. The use of extensive amount of romantic poetry and adoring tone is used to demonstrate their love towards one another. And that they find their sense of belonging with one another no matt er where they are and what place they are set, again emphasising the significance of contact between people becoming a poignant source of belonging for an individual. As each individual is intrinsically different, where relationships and interacting with other’s may offer satisfaction to some, others find greater fulfillment in self. Shakespeare clearly demonstrates this choice of belonging to self rather through the contact of other people, through the characterisation of Jaques. Being described as â€Å"melancholy† Jaques chooses not to affiliate with the people around him, and finds satisfaction in being alone. Jaques believes that â€Å"the worst fault you have is to be in love†. His cynical tone and attitude towards love and relationships demonstrate his choice not to associate himself with others. In effect, Shakespeare uses prose to enhance one’s insight into people who chose not to conform to belonging. This is a singular instance where an individual does not find a sense of belonging through the contact between people and the relationships developed, however, represents a lonely and melancholy life. Contrary to this, majority of the character’s within â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† finds a sense of belonging through the people they associate with. In ‘Sense and Sensibility’, Marian falls in love to a young suitor named Willoughby. However, Willoughby chooses not to belong to Marian due to social expectations, which essentially, caused personal consequences for his sense of affiliation. These consequences become evident within the last scene, â€Å"The marriage†, when Marian has been happily married to Brendan and the whole town is celebrating. There is a close medium shot of the both of them happily departing from the church, when the camera suddenly cuts to Willoughby up on a hill. Out from the town he is looking down on the celebrations with a saddened expression. Through the use of camera techniques and expression it becomes evident to the audience that he feels a sense of exclusion and detachment from the people he once was closely affiliated with. This further emphasises the consequences that can come to an individual when they chose expectations and society over the people and relationships they withh old. Nevertheless, the consequences of being lonely is welcoming to him and therefore, does not negatively affect him like Willoughby. Moreover, the interconnectedness and affiliation with people is the most significant factor influencing an individual’s sense of belonging or not belonging. Throughout the text â€Å"As you like it† and the film â€Å"Sense and sensibility†, this idea is thoroughly explored through the character’s represented by the composer’s and the relationship’s they developed, either familial or romantic. However, although one can find significant belonging through another person, some can chose not to belong, such as Jaques or Willoughby and by choosing not to belong it can create consequences resulting in a sense of loneliness. However, there are singular instances, like Jaques, where choosing not to belong to people can create self fulfillment in one’s self and a sense of belonging.

Racism in America :: essays papers

Racism in America The Construction of an Institution For hundreds of years, it has been "truth" that the races were biologically different. The differences that separated society were based on scientifically based genetic differences that gave reason for the separation of races. However based on recent findings, it is known that this is not the case. In 1974 Richard Lewontin dispelled this myth with a study he did that proved that there are no genetic differences between races. In fact he discovered if anything, there were more differences within the "races" then between the different races. Why then, do we still have use for different races? Why is racism still rampant in American society? The reason is that although race is not founded through science, this institution of American society is merely an obsolete combination of historical, social, and cultural construction. Historically our physical differences supplied reason to separate into races. In doing this we see the emergence of races. Europeans marked individuals that looked different from them and used this difference as a justification for their reasoning that these individuals were inferior to them. To support their claims, there was "scientific research" done to explain our differences. These differences were said to be biological. As early as the 1800s scientists purported these ideas to be true. One doctor believed that blacks suffered from a form of leprosy. Because science is said to be so exact and indisputable, Americans held these theories to be truth and used them to construct the different classifications of race. These "biological" findings provided the basis for the most corrupt institution in America: racism. Through the classifying of people of color as inferior due to genetic reasoning, provided whites with an excuse to dominate. This social issue divided the coun try and served as a weapon to keep people of color in the minority and denied them of any economic or educational power that was necessary to survive in America. This social phenomenon further abused the "biological" differences to further oppress people of color. Race provided the perfect method of domination in America. To the dismay of racists around the country, a scientist decided to reevaluate the "genetic" differences between the races, that had been so cleverly constructed.

Free Fall Lab

Free Fall Lab Natalie Soria Lab Partners: Ryan Michaely Iqra Haji Yan Huang 1. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the acceleration due to gravity by observing the motion of a free falling object. 2. Equipment Used: A. Timer Switch B. Time-of-Flight Accessory C. Control Box D. AC adapter E. Drop Box F. Steel ball G. Solid gold ball H. Big plastic ball 3. Method Used: 1) Place the steel ball on the drop box. 2) Set the timer to â€Å"Time: Two Gates† mode. 3) Measure the distance between the bottom of the ball and the plate and record in table 4) Release the ball using the timer switch and record the time it takes to fall. ) Change the distance and repeat step (4) until table is complete 6) Repeat steps (3) – (5) with solid golf ball 7) Repeat steps (3) – (5) with big plastic ball 4. Diagram: Time-Of-Flight Accessory Time-Of-Flight Accessory Timer Switch Timer Switch Timer Timer DROPBOX DROPBOX 5. Data: STEEL BALL Table 1: Determining the accel eration of the steel ball dropped Distance (M)| Time(S)| Time(S2)| 0. 80m| 0. 4074s| 0. 166s2| 0. 75m| 0. 3969s| 0. 1575s2| 0. 70m| 0. 3809s| 0. 1451s2| 0. 65m| 0. 3692s| 0. 1363s2| 0. 60m| 0. 3546s| 0. 1257s2| 0. 55m| 0. 3438s| 0. 1182s2| SOLID GOLF BALLTable 2: Determining the acceleration of the solid golf ball dropped Distance (M)| Time(S)| Time(S2)| 0. 80m| 0. 4044s| 0. 1635s2| 0. 75m| 0. 3906s| 0. 1526s2| 0. 70m| 0. 3785s| 0. 1433s2| 0. 65m| 0. 3643s| 0. 1363s2| 0. 60m| 0. 3494s| 0. 1257s2| 0. 55m| 0. 3390s| 0. 1182s2| PLASTIC BALL Table 3: Determining the acceleration of the plastic ball dropped Distance (M)| Time(S)| Time(S2)| 0. 80m| 0. 4111s| 0. 169s2| 0. 75m| 0. 4026s| 0. 1621s2| 0. 70m| 0. 3849s| 0. 1481s2| 0. 65m| 0. 3698s| 0. 1368s2| 0. 60m| 0. 3553s| 0. 1262s2| 0. 55m| 0. 3382s| 0. 1144s2| 6. Calculations: Determining Avg. Time for each trialWith formulas:With numbers: T1+T2+T3 = Avg. T (S)(. 4072s) + (. 4078s) + (. 4073s) = Avg. T(S) 33 .4074s = Avg. T (S) Determinin g T2 With formulas:With numbers: T = S2 T = (0. 4111s)2 T = 0. 169s2 7. Conclusions: The objective was to determine acceleration due to the effects of gravity. Gravity stayed constant through the whole experiment. Source of error could be due to measuring between ball and mat inaccurately. Answers to questions (1) Using our kinematics equations and the concept of a straight line (y=mx+b), show that the graphs made in part (7) should indeed be a straight line.What should the theoretical values for the slope and y-intercept be for this graph? (2) What are the actual values of the slope and y-intercept for the three graphs. Compare these to the theoretical values. Calculate the gravitational acceleration for all three balls from this information. (3) Comment on why the acceleration due to gravity is less for the plastic ball than the others. Give some ideas why you think this particular ball would behave like this and the other balls would not. The gravitational acceleration due to gra vity is the same for every object, the total acceleration is not.Acceleration is reduced a bit by the particular mass of the ball. In cases where â€Å"m† is large (like the steel ball and golf ball), the factor will be small and therefore falling at almost the same acceleration. But in the case where â€Å"m† is small (like the plastic hallow ball) the factor could be large, and therefore the balls acceleration could be significantly less due to the hollowness of the ball. Although the plastic ball is bigger in size, its mass is lighter. (4) A ball is thrown upward. While the ball is in the air, does its acceleration increase, decrease, or remain the same?Describe what happens to the velocity of the object from when it is thrown until when it returns. While in the air, the balls acceleration would remain the same. When the ball is thrown, its velocity is positive and decreasing as it’s going up, and at the highest point, the velocity is zero. When it’s c oming back down, the velocity is negative and increasing. (5) Explain conceptually (without using equations) what the shape of Distance vs. Time would look like for a ball falling to the ground. Use kinematics to explain why it would be like this. The falling ball is moving at a constant rate ( 9. 80 ms-2 )

Good and Evil King Lear Essay

Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"King Lear† discusses many notions the most important being the relationship between good and evil and the constant battle of the opposites; their dependency and the origin of wickedness, as well as the fact that something good can never â€Å"destroy† anything all play a key role in the question of if it is evil that destroys itself. The following essay will deliberate these ideas and compare good and evil throughout the play to show the self-destruction evil caused for itself. Throughout the entire play of â€Å"King Lear† there are many acts of goodness as well as acts of wickedness that represent the two ideas of virtue versus deviltry that depend on each other. Without the good there could not be any evil and the same goes for evil because without the opposite they could not be compared and therefore not be identified as being either good or bad. King Lear would never have realized the horrible mistake he made when he claimed that â€Å"nothing will come of nothing† (Act 1, Scene 1), would it not have been for Cordelia’s vicious sisters that drove evil too far and made their father go mad. Their evil behavior towards their father can be seen in Act 1 Scene 3 where Goneril instructs a servant to be rude and less courteous to Lear. â€Å"Put on what weary negligence you please, you and your fellows: I’d have it come to question† she says, ordering the servant to show Lear no respect which highlights her evil intentions. Only Lear’s craziness makes him see his truthful daughter and also who deceived him. If Regan and Goneril were not evil, Lear would have never noticed his neglect and he could not have seen the truth and his daughter’s real intentions. However, if Regan and Goneril were to have been good, there would not have been a misconception at the distribution of the kingdom which would have led to Lear choosing his favorite daughter over the two others and Regan and Goneril being left with nothing which would have made the audience feel empathy towards them and give every character a new idea of good and evil. Therefore both virtue and deviltry are necessary for the play because they compliment each other’s differences and highlight the opposites even more, further changing the story that depends on both extremes. All the evil happenings in the tragedy of King Lear can be related back to goodness which makes good the cause of evil, adding to another relationship and connection the two opposites share. The virtuous side created wickedness which you can see clearly through Edmond’s treachery against his father and brother. This can be seen in Act 1, Scene 2 where Edmond’s soliloquy clearly underlines his evil plot of replacing his brother as his father’s heir. â€Å"[†¦] Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land. Our father’s love is to the bastard, Edmond, as to th’legitimate [†¦] if this letter speed and my invention thrive, Edmond the base shall to th’legitimate. I grow; I prosper; now gods, stand up for bastards! † he exclaims. This is the first time the audience sees how evil and vicious Edmond is and what his plans are. If Gloucester had not treated his â€Å"bastard son† so badly, he might not have turned so evil. However, because his father continuously showed Edmond that he preferred Edgar over him, Edmond grew up with such a bad attitude towards him which led to his evil plot and his vicious actions. Thereupon, goodness is responsible for the creation of evil and without the good wickedness could not exist. Furthermore, the destruction of evil could not have been through goodness because if goodness were to destroy anything it could no longer be identified as â€Å"good†. This states that the word â€Å"destruction† already implies a negative and evil idea where as good would be determined as the opposite. Cordelia is a purely good character which shows even when she had the chance to fight evil, she did not reach for brutality or destruction of bad but rather tried to help the good and fix the terrible situation. Accordingly, if good were to destroy evil it could no longer be called â€Å"good† because it would be on the same level as evil and could not be differentiated anymore. It is therefore impossible for good to destroy evil, since it is basically incapable of wicked actions. Edmond’s death, however, could indicate the vanquishing of evil through good. The brothers Edmond and Edgar that represent evil and good, fight until Edgar finally kills his brother. On one hand, one could possibly see this as good overcoming evil since the â€Å"good† brother killed the â€Å"evil† brother; yet this certain feeling of hope is quickly crushed by the tragic ending and the deaths of most of the main characters representing goodness in the play. On the other hand, it is evil that caused its own destruction all along due to the fact that it took on more than it could handle, striving for too much power which ultimately led to its own downfall. Edmond started off with a plan of taking over his brother’s and then his father’s position but he got carried away by the idea of power that he competed for a position that was too high for him which eventually made him fail. If Edmond had only aimed for ranks that were within his reach, he would have successfully accomplished his goal. Edmund’s deviltry can be seen until the very end, where he confesses to have ordered for Cordelia and Lear to be hanged, just before he dies. â€Å"I pant for life. Some good I mean to do, despite of my own nature† he reveals, wanting to at least do one good deed before his life is over. Yet because he tried to scheme for even more power, he is responsible for his own elimination and the cause of his failure. Another example of evil’s own vanquishing is the battle between the sisters Goneril and Regan. At the beginning they fight on the same side against their father yet towards the end of the play they both become to obsessed with the idea of power that they turn against each other to strive for everything. They both fight over Edmond and are too greedy to want to share the kingdom. This can certainly be seen in Act 4, Scene 2 when Goneril says â€Å"One way I like this well; but being widow, and my Gloucester with her, may all the building in my fancy pluck upon my hateful life† which indicates that Goneril is scared that her sister will take Edmond away from her. Their betrayal upon each other can also be recognized through Regan’s poisoning by Goneril in Act 5, Scene 3. When Regan falls to the ground ill, Goneril says â€Å"If not, I’ll ne’er trust medicine† foreshadowing Regan’s soon death. The sisters greed for power grew so strong that the betrayed each other just to reach a goal. This shows that the two variants of deviltry destroyed themselves through selfishness and greed. Throughout the tragedy of King Lear the fight between good and evil brings forward many connections and highlights the relationship of the two opposites. Not only are they dependent upon each other, wickedness was created by purity and without one the other could not exist. Virtue is also incapable of destruction leaving all these notions to prove that good did not vanquish evil, but that it was evil that destroyed itself.

What is an Epigraph An Authors Guide

What is an Epigraph An Authors Guide What is an Epigraph? An epigraph is a quote, paragraph, or short excerpt typically found at the beginning of a book. It usually serves as a preface or introduction to your story before any character makes an appearance or the action begins. Most often, they are quotes from writers or other influential people, but this is not always the case.The rules surrounding the use of epigraphs are pretty flexible. We’ll dive deep into them later in this post - but first, let’s take a look at why you might want to consider using epigraphs in the first place.Why use an epigraph?An epigraph probably won’t make or break your book. However, it can serve as a way to introduce readers to your story - or at least to elements of it - before they get into the meat of the matter. When the correct quote is chosen, it can be the crumb that makes them want to eat the whole cake.Although the epigraph is an optional feature in the front matter of a book, it can serve many different purposes within the story . Here are four. Does your book need an epigraph? See 4 ways they can help your story 1) Set the themeThe theme is the central idea the story conveys and the epigraph can help kick it off it in a very concise manner.Let’s take a look at one of the three epigraphs from Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale.And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I die. And Jacob’s anger was kindled against Rachel; and he said, Am I in God’s stead, who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the womb? And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her. Genesis 30:1-3 This particular quote from the Bible deals directly with the issue of children, fertility, and the idea of bringing someone outside the marriage to produce children: all points of great importance in the novel.2) Set the moodIn just a few words, an epigraph can show readers whether they can expect an exciting, happy, or sad story. Take this example from The Night Circus:A dreamer is one who can only find his way by moonlight, and his punishment is that he sees the dawn before the rest of the world. Oscar Wilde, 1888 What are some of your favorite epigraphs? Let us know in the comments below!

Battle of Stoke Field in the War of the Roses

Battle of Stoke Field in the War of the Roses Battle of Stoke Field: Conflict Date: The Battle of Stoke Field was fought on June 16, 1487, and was the last engagement of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). Armies Commanders House of Lancaster King Henry VIIEarl of Oxford12,000 men House of York/Tudor John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln8,000 men Battle of Stoke Field - Background: Though Henry VII was crowned King of England in 1485, his and the Lancastrian hold on power remained somewhat tenuous as several Yorkist factions continued plot ways to regain the throne. The strongest male claimant from the Yorkist dynasty was the twelve-year old Edward, Earl of Warwick. Captured by Henry, Edward was kept confined at the Tower of London. Around this time, a priest named Richard Simmons (or Roger Simons) discovered a young boy named Lambert Simnel who bore a strong resemblance to Richard, Duke of York, son of King Edward IV, and the younger of the vanished Princes in the Tower. Battle of Stoke Field - Training an Impostor: Educating the boy in courtly manners, Simmons intended to present Simnel as Richard with the goal of having him crowned king. Moving forward, he soon changed his plans after hearing rumors that Edward had died during his imprisonment in the Tower. Spreading rumors that young Warwick had actually escaped from London, he planned to present Simnel as Edward. In doing so, he garnered support from several Yorkists including John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln. Though Lincoln had reconciled with Henry, he had a claim to the throne and had been designated the royal heir by Richard III before his death. Battle of Stoke Field - The Plan Evolves: Lincoln most likely knew that Simnel was an imposter, but the boy provided an opportunity to unseat Henry and exact revenge. Leaving the English court on March 19, 1487, Lincoln traveled to Mechelen where he met with his aunt, Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. Supporting Lincolns plan, Margaret provided financial backing as well as around 1,500 German mercenaries led by the veteran commander Martin Schwartz. Joined by a number of Richard IIIs former supporters, including Lord Lovell, Lincoln sailed for Ireland with his troops. There he met Simmons who had earlier traveled to Ireland with Simnel. Presenting the boy to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, the Earl of Kildare, they were able to secure his backing as Yorkist sentiment in Ireland was strong. To bolster support, Simnel was crowned King Edward VI at Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin on May 24, 1487. Working with Sir Thomas Fitzgerald, Lincoln was able to recruit around 4,500 lightly armed Irish mercenaries for his army. Aware of Lincolns activities and that Simnel was being advanced as Edward, Henry had the young boy taken from the Tower and publicly shown around London. Battle of Stoke Field -Â  The Yorkist Army Forms: Crossing to England, Lincolns forces landed at Furness, Lancashire on June 4. Met by several nobles led by Sir Thomas Broughton, the Yorkist army swelled to around 8,000 men. Marching hard, Lincoln covered 200 miles in fives days, with Lovell defeating a small royal force at Branham Moor on June 10. After largely evading Henrys northern army led by the Earl of Northumberland, Lincoln reached Doncaster. Here Lancastrian cavalry under Lord Scales fought a three-day delaying action through Sherwood Forest. Assembling his army at Kenilworth, Henry began moving against the rebels. Battle of Stoke Field - Battle is Joined: Learning that Lincoln had crossed the Trent, Henry began moving east towards Newark on June 15. Crossing the river, Lincoln encamped for the night on high ground near Stoke in a position that had the river on three sides. Early on June 16, the vanguard of Henrys army, led by the Earl of Oxford, arrived on the battlefield to find Lincolns army forming on the heights. In position by 9:00 AM, Oxford elected to open fire with his archers rather than wait for Henry to arrive with the rest of the army. Showering the Yorkists with arrows, Oxfords archers began to inflict heavy casualties on Lincolns lightly armored men. Faced with the choice of abandoning the high ground or continuing to lose men to the archers, Lincoln ordered his troops to charge forward with the goal of crushing Oxford before Henry reached the field. Striking Oxfords lines, the Yorkists had some early success but the tide began to turn as the better armor and weapons of the Lancastrians began to tell. Fighting for three hours, the battle was decided by a counterattack launched by Oxford. Shattering the Yorkist lines, many of Lincolns men fled with only Schwartzs mercenaries fighting until the end. In the fighting, Lincoln, Fitzgerald, Broughton, and Schwartz were killed while Lovell fled across the river and was never seen again. Battle of Stoke Field - Aftermath: The Battle of Stoke Field cost Henry around 3,000 killed and wounded while the Yorkists lost around 4,000. In addition, many surviving English and Irish Yorkist troops were captured and hung. Other captured Yorkists were given clemency and escaped with fines and attainders against their property. Among those captured after the battle was Simnel. Recognizing that the boy was a pawn in the Yorkist scheme, Henry pardoned Simnel and gave him a job in the royal kitchens. The Battle of Stoke Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses securing Henrys throne and the new Tudor dynasty. Selected Sources UK Battlefield Resources Centre: Battle of Stoke FieldTudor Place: Battle of StokeWars of the Roses: Battle of Stoke

Genetic Algorithms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genetic Algorithms - Essay Example There are few behavior to crack the N-queens problem. A number of of them are trying all the variations, using backpedal methods, by means of strengthening learning methods, and etc. In this scheme, genetic algorithm will be old to solve this problem by with GAlib package. Genetic Algorithms are adaptive methods which may be used to resolve look for and optimization problems. They are base on the genetic processes of organic organisms. Over a lot of generation, natural populations develop according to the principles of usual assortment and "continued existence of the fittest". By mimicking this procedure, genetic algorithms are clever to "evolve" answers to real world problems, if they contain been suitably prearranged. Genetic Algorithms utilize a direct analogy of usual behavior. They labor with a population of "individuals", every representing a likely solution to a known problem. Every individual is allocating a "fitness score" according to how good a answer to the problem it is. The highly fit persons are given opportunities to "copy", by "cross propagation" with other persons in the population. This produces new persons known as "offsprings", which share some skin taken from each "close relative". The smallest amount fit members of the population are less probable to get chosen for copy, and so determination "die out". How do they work A whole new population of likely solutions is thus shaped by selecting the best persons from the current "generation", and mates them to produce a new set of persons. This original age group contains a higher amount of the characteristics obsessed by the high-quality members of the previous age group. In this way, over a lot of generations, good individuality is increase throughout the population, life form mixed and exchanged with other high-quality individuality as they go. By favouring the mating of the additional fit individuals, the most talented areas of the look for space are travel around. If the genetic algorithm has been intended well, the population will meet to an optimal answer to the problem. How contain they been productively practical to any real-world problems The authority of genetic algorithms come as of the fact that the technique is healthy, and can deal productively with a wide variety of problem areas, counting those which are hard for other techniques to solve. Genetic algorithms are not certain to find the global most favorable solution to a problem, but they are usually good at finding "well enough good" answers to problems "well enough quick". Where specialized methods exist for solving exacting problems, they are probable to break genetic algorithms in both speed and correctness of the last consequence. The main earth for genetic algorithms, then, is in hard areas anywhere no such techniques exist. Smooth anywhere existing techniques employment well, improvements have been complete by hybridizing them with a genetic algorithm. What do they contain to do with cognitive discipline Genetics will more and more enable physical condition professionals to recognize, treat, and stop the 4,000 or more genetic diseases and disorders that our class is heir to. Genetics determination

Internatinal Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internatinal Economics - Essay Example Therefore, in zero capital mobility there is no money that is flowing in and/or out of the country (Accounting equation explanation with examples, 2011). The equilibrium of balance of payment which is meaningful under pegged exchanged rate refers to when the government induced transactions of balance of payments are zero when they nominal exchange. In this case, receipts on exports and imports are equal. From the above we can come up with an equation describing the balance of payment: B = T + k Where B is balance of payment, T is trade balance and k surplus of capital account. Therefore the overall is: B = T + k = 0 Under fixed rates of exchange, increased domestic banking will lead to a situation where circulating capital will be reduced since money will be laying in the banks. Due to this the supply of money will decline both abroad and at home. Since banks will reach their desired reserve ratio they will be in a position to lead and loan money conveniently. This will turn force th e prices of commodities to fall both at the national and international level (Wild, 2005). Domestic money shock or domestic monetary shock is the increase or decrease of the supply of money in the economy. ... In addition the reaction may occur in â€Å"real† behavior. Either way, monetary shocks real are in the relative changes in prices (Wild, 2005). Perfect capital mobility can be defined in four distinct ways: Investment rates are not affected by exogenous changes in rates of national saving, condition Feldstein-Horioka. Real rates of interests across a country are equalized by capital flow internationally, real parity interest. The flow of capital equalizes interest rates when conducted using common currency, covered parity interest. Uncovered parity interest, the flow of capital equalizes expected return rates on bonds in spite of exchange risk exposure. Also it is the absence barriers which hinder capital movement internationally. Its requirement are that, return rates on capital in different countries be the at equilibrium. World asset equilibrium is when there is a balance on the assets which are owned by different countries. In the economic theory each and every asset has its fundamental value. But in most cases many assets have a class of specific natural buyers. Assets are more valuable to these natural buyers than to the rest of the buyers. Natural buyers tolerate more risk, therefore, if they can get more money they will spend it asset acquisition there by driving the price of assets up. When capital is perfectly mobile the above scenario is facilitated with ease as opposed to a case where there is zero capital mobility. In such a case, there is no flow of money hence no money to purchase assets and this will lead to a state of in equilibrium (Accounting equation explanation with examples, 2011). When there is perfect capital mobility, world interest rates, price level variables, income, and foreign domestic

My strengths and weakness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My strengths and weakness - Essay Example I also responded to critical questions about financial products such as procedures for money transfer, steps of opening electronic banking and password configurations. I have utilized my good communications to enhance the communities through; resolving differences and integrating different communities with a view to satisfying their needs thus, solving their problems. Creativity has greatly expounded my mind to think beyond the world of imagination. In my business experiences at Citibank, I thought and recommended: "Money Management Sumer Camp" which was accepted by the company and also inquired fascinating in-depth questions about work. Through my creative mind, I have been able to divide spaces and encounters in public places so as to minimize social barriers and impact relationships between people and communities. Enthusiasm has been the core pillar of my social development.In my trainee duties at Citibank, China I was ever passionate about my job and people, passionate about help ing individual clients open and close banking accounts. In my community, I have carried out extensive social responsibilities such as the provision of food, clothing, and mentorship to poor, afflicted and needy in the society. However, my greatest weakness has been due to poor time management. This has been as a result of numerous tasks running simultaneously thus making me difficult to choose the right activity to be completed first. I am working on this through the formulation of diaries to guiding me in the right procedures.

Relationship between creativity and parenting among preschool children

Relationship between creativity and parenting among preschool children Parenting is potentially a prominent process which affects childs biophysical, psychological, social, and spiritual development. According to researches parenting styles have a crucial role in childrens development(Holden Edwards,1989;Baumrind,1991;DarlingSteinberg,1993;Chao,1994;Paulson,1994;Lorenz,Hoven,AndrewsBird,1995;Reissetal.1995;PalmerHollin,1996;Radziszewska,Richardson,DentFlay,1996;Holdren,1997,Querido,Warner,Eyberg,2002;Sabbatini,Leaper,2004;Dixon,Hamilton-Giachritis Browne,2005) . Due to the fact that parents are the first people who interact with children in the environment, parenting style is considered to be an important factor in childrens growth (Steinberg, Elmen, Mounts, 1989; Pratt, 1988; Xie, 1996). since it has impact on various dimensions of child development such as physical, cognitive , emotional, social and language development. Unfortunately, many parents lack information on how to provide a good home environment and how to use good parenting practices to encourage their childrens abilities. Teachers and other childhood professionals are key resource persons who can disseminate information to parents and encourage parents to choose effective parenting style. It is a well -known fact that parenting styles set the environmental and emotional context for childrens development. Many writers have noted that specific parenting practices are less important in predicting child well-being than is the broad pattern of parenting. Most researchers who try to describe this broad parental setting rely on Diana Baumrinds concept of parenting style. The construct of parenting style is used to capture normal variations in parents attempts to control and socialize their children (Baumrind, 1991). Diana Baumrind (1966) was the first researcher who made lots of effort in researching about the conception of parenting style and its various types; she classified parenting style into three types of authoritarian, permissive and authoritative. the authoritarian parenting style is characterized by being highly challenging and less responsive. The authoritarian parent is inflexible, rough, and demanding. Coarse parents usually fall in this category (It is worth saying that Baumrind added the point that not all authoritarian parents are abusive) (Diana Baumrind 1966). permissive parents are less taxing however highly responsive. The permissive parent is excessively responsive to the childs needs in the way that they rarely apply orderly rules. The outcome of permissive parenting would usually be the spoiled child (Diana Baumrinds 1966). Children are all born with certain set of characteristics and abilities which may be cultivated based on the surrounding environment. Creativity is among these characteristics and since each child is born with the instinctive ability to be creative, all children have the right to be given the opportunity to discover, use and nurture this inborn gift. All children have capacity to be creative and children should have the opportunity to show their ability to be creative (Torrance 1970). Hence parents must create an atmosphere conducive to develop creativity. Definitions of creativity are not straightforward and limited so that we come across various writers contributing to the disputation about the constitution of creativity with different views. However most theorists come to the same point that the creative process in all its different definitions share some common aspects which are imagination, originality, productivity, problem solving and the ability to create an outcome of value and worth hence creativity can be defined as a process of thinking and responding that is engaged with connecting with our prior experience, making response to incentives (objects, ideas, symbols, people, situations) and bring into being at least one unique combination. E. Paul Torrance (1997), one of the leading researchers in the field of creativity, defined creativity as the process of sensing problems, forming ideas, and deriving unprecedented solutions of unique problems with elaboration and embellishment. The study of creativity in young children has been approached form different point of views. There has been several investigations examining parental and family influences on preschoolers creativity . Bomba ,Moran, and Goble(1991) organized a study on children and their parents to explore the relationship between familial style and preschoolers creative potential. Findings revealed that children of families who were flexible in their family structure got higher scores on a creativity test. Statement of Problem The parents and learning environment during early childhood have great impact on child outcomes .There are evidences that show how parents can influence on children such as family income, parentsoccupatios and parents education. Infect parents are influential person through of the childs life. They have essential task to teach children new skills and who are the first teachers. There are several styles that parents chose during the parenting and each one has particular influence on children. Baumrid was the first researcher that use parenting style concept and other research until now show that significant effect parenting style on all aspect of child outcomes. Therefore awareness of how and what influences parenting style is significant when researches have shown relationship between parenting style and positive and negative children outcomes. Negative outcomes including: eating disorders, aggression, low academic performance, depression and positive outcome such as high academic achievement, self esteem. The problem being addressed in this study is to investigate the relationship between parenting style and creativity level of Iranian preschool children live in Malaysia. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a727330303db=all early education and children outcomes 2005 nfluences of parents education on their childrens educational attainments: the role of parent and child perceptions   Purpose of study The major purpose of this study is to explore relationship between parenting style [namely authoritative, authoritarian and permissive] and creativity among preschool children. The second purpose of study is that provides information to parents on the effects of their styles on creativity and their childrens performance in creativity. It provides information about the creativity level of Iranian preschool children as well as provides information about parenting style in Iranian students. There are some reasons to show this study is useful : first reason is that recently there is more focus on child development than before and that parents must be more educated about their parenting styles .Second reason is that the researches show lack of awareness of parents about parenting styles they choose which has direct influence on the child outcomes .For the third reason, the findings will help professionals and educators in early childhood area to design suitable programs to parents in order to enhance their knowledge about parenting and parenting styles . Research questions The research questions for this study are as follows: Is there any relationship between authoritative Iranian parents and their child creativity? Is there any relationship between authoritarian Iranian parents and their child creativity? Is there any relationship between permissive Iranian parents and their child creativity? Limitation of study In this study only Iranian parents in Malaysia will be used as sample since I am Iranian and my concern is to inform the Iranian parents how their parenting style will influence their children creativity. The second limitation is the questionnaire is in English language. Third, this study is carry out in public Iranian preschool. Operational definitions The following concepts were nominally defined for this study: Parenting style: Parenting is a complicated set of activities which involves much particular behaviour that work independently and collectively to affect child outcomes. Parenting has such a significant role in childs life that determines the nature of children s following life and even their future parenting styles. (GearyFlinn, 2001; Keller, 2001). Darling and Steinberg (1993) define a parenting style as the emotional climate in which parents raise their children. Darling and Steinberg defined parenting style as: A constellation of attitudes toward the child that are communicated to the child and that taken together, create an emotional climate in which the parents behaviors are expressed. These behaviors include both the specific, goal-directed behaviors through which parents perform their paternal duties and non-goal-directed parental behaviors, such as gestures, changes in tone of voice, or the spontaneous expression of emotion.(DarlingStenberg,1993,p.3). Diana Baumrind conducted an interview with parents of preschool children and observed the interaction between parents and children and based on the result she believed that parenting styles have two important dimensions (Baumrind,1971,1978,1989). The first one wasparental responsiveness and the second one was parental demandigness. Parental responsiveness refers to parents consideration on childs needs. Parental demandiingness refers to the demands which are made by parents on their children to become unified into the family and the society. She described parenting style in three categories: authoritarian, authoritative and permissive . Authoritarian parenting style: Authoritarian parenting style is described with high demandingness but low responsiveness. Authoritarian parents do not express ideas or reasons behind their rules for their children and children have to follow the rules unconditionally. Attitude of these parents is that the child must do whatever they say. The authoritarian parents communicate less with their children and they use punishment if the children do not accept the rules. Authoritative parenting style: Authoritative parenting style is the most appropriate method with the best outcomes .Parents have moderate demanding and moderate responsiveness. They have reasonable requests to child, they show love and affection, and they listen to childs views, they encourage children to be independent. Authoritative parents explain to the child the reasoning behind their rules and control. (Baumrind,1966) Permissive parenting style: Permissive parenting style is described with high responsiveness however low demandingness .Permissive parents tend to give more freedom to children and less control, guidance and punishment. The child can do whatever she or he wants unconditionally. children of permissive parents show traits such as low self-esteem and lack of independency. Creativity Several experts define creativity in many various ways and each researcher has his own definition on creativity and in highest number of definitions, creativity is making new thing, originality, unusual, unexpected, valuable etc.(preschool education book). Torrances definition of creativity (1974): A process of becoming sensitive to problems, deficiencies, gaps in knowledge, missing elements, disharmonies, and so on; identifying the difficult; searching for solutions, making guesses or formulating hypotheses about the deficiencies; testing and retesting these hypotheses and possibly modifying and retesting them; and finally communicating the results (p.8). Preschool children Based on Malaysian curriculum, children between 4 to 6 is located under preschool Methodology This research is a quantitative study and the data will collate by questioners. Instrumentation: The instrument used in this study will be TCAM ( Torrance 1981) to measur creativity in preschool children and will also use a version of the parenting styles and Dimensions Questionnaire(PSDQ) (Robinson, Mandelco, Olsen, Hart, 2001) to collect data. Method analysing data is by the quantitative data analysis .Spss version 17 will be used in this study. Sample A total of 100 Iranian parents in Kuala Lumpur (50 females and 50 males) and 50 preschool children from Iran will be included in this study. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20056147/

Web-Based Issue Position Statement :: Essays Papers

Web-Based Issue Position Statement Introduction The use of laboratory animals in the classroom is an extremely controversial issue. Ethics as well as religion are challenged with the dissection of animals. This controversy is not a new one, animal dissection has been disputed for well over a hundred years (National Research Council, 1988). There have been numerous court cases concerning this issue and laws have been enacted to give students the right to refrain from participating in animal dissection (NABT, 1990). Background Animal dissection started hundreds of years ago in order to gain a better understanding of how the body works. It has helped us to learn about, prevent, and cure diseases that could have otherwise never been understood (National Research Council, 1988). Without animal research human health in general would be at a much lower level. â€Å"..in the United States, animal experimentation has contributed to an increase in average life expectancy of about twenty five years since 1900† (Research Council, 1988). Dissection was not used in the classroom until 1920 and did not become part of the regular curriculum until the 1960’s (NABT, 1990). The original attitude towards dissection in the classroom was generally supportive and understanding of the benefits of this type of study. In 1987 high school student Jennifer Graham went to court after her grade was lowered because she refused to participate in a frog dissection. After this incident, public opinion on dissection in the classroom completely changed (NABT, 1990). Since then, the controversy has heightened and researchers continue to debate with animal rights activists on the issue. People in support of animal use in the classroom present several arguments, the most popular being that it is a hands-on experience that allows student the opportunity to understand the body form and function (Lewis, 1997). It also allows students to see the actual placement of organs, the appearance and texture of tissues and organs, and the relationship of the organs with one another (NABT, 1990). Howard E. Buhse, associate director of the department of biological sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, claims that through dissection students gain a respect for the complicated way a body is put together. Buhse also states that the plastic models throw students off because, unlike the models, no body has perfect organs and there is natural anatomical variation of the placement of the organs (Lewis, 1997).

 Justice Cecilia Muñoz Palma High School Essay

Background of the Study Soap is an essential cleaning agent, helping people to keep themselves and their surroundings clean. When soap is mixed with water, it forms a lather that washes out dirt and grease for better than water alone. Soap can be made on a small scale in the home or village cheaply and easily. The main ingredients are fats and lye both of which can be made from materials found through out the world. Making soap at home is practical when there is waste fat or oil and when there is no cheap source of soap. Because of this, the researchers though of finding ways in utilizing guava in making home made soap that can substitute commercial soap. Instead of buying anti-bacterial commercial soap we can use home made guava soap. The guava was chosen as a substitute ingredient for anti-bacterial commercial soap because it is cheaper not like the commercial anti-bacterial soap. Guava can just gather in the backyard and it is easy to make. Significance of the Study This study is significant in making a bathing soap with guava extract as treatment for acne. This plant is very common to our environment, and aside of its availability; it is easy to cultivate. It contains many components for healing skin disorders. Scope and limitation This study is focus only on how guava extract (Psidium guajava Linn) be effective in killing microorganism like Fungi and Bacteria. The study of guava leaves and getting their extract is often useful. It has the ability to treat, cure, disinfect skin disorders and capable of being a herbal plant for acnes. Statement of Problem It stated that Guava leaves extract is good for skin. Based on research, it has many constituents that is good for skin. It answers the following questions: 1. Is there any constituents of guava leaves that is good for skin? 2. If it is useful, how long will it take for the users to see complete results? Hypothesis Yes, Guava leaves is good treatment for acne. Chapter II EVALUATION, DESIGN AND FRAMEWORK Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework Definition of terms

Lord of The Flies Human Allegory Essay

In Lord of the Flies William Golding uses allegories to illustrate the human psyche. Different characters are used to represent different parts of an individual’s mental structure: the impulses of the Id, the rationality of the Ego, and the moral understanding of the Superego. Golding carefully describes each character’s actions to coincide with each part of the psyche. Jack, Piggy, Simon, and Ralph are characters in the story that represent the psyche. According to Sigmun Freud, the Id is the impulsive part of the psyche. Evidence of this is the killing of the sow. To elaborate, the killing of the sow has been deemed a â€Å"symbolic rape,† symbolizing man’s sexual desire. The manner that the boys go about in killing the pigs is based on sexual desire and violence; all parts of the Id. An example of this is the boys chant they recite after the hunt, as well as the lust they receive when chasing the sow. The pig’s head also represents the Id in the boys. The pig’s head becomes evidence of their atrocities brought on by impulsive and animalistic behavior. The boys wanted satisfaction, ultimately achieving it through the brutal murder of the sow. Furthermore, Golding’s Jack has been interpreted to personify the Id. An exemplar is his thirst for blood which gives him gratification. He takes great pride in hunting and killing pigs, eventually smearing the pig’s blood on his face. This is violent and primal, not very productive for the group and is meant as a source of satisfaction. Hunting should be pointless, the boys are on an island surrounded by fruit. Golding states, â€Å"†¦gorging fruit in the forest.†(pg.25). Jack is too busy wanting to hunt that he forgets about being rescued. One instance being early in the novel when a boat appears on the horizon; Jack allows the fire to burn out while hunting; eliminating aspirations of rescue. Moreover, as Jack embodies the Id; Ralph represents the ego. Ralph epitomizes the reasoning among the group. Sine Ralph is the leader, it becomes his responsibility to keep order. The ego makes rational choices while satisfying the Id. For instance, Ralph’s main task is to keep the order and control Jack and his impulses. Ralph delegates jobs: Jack and the choir become hunters and the rest will build the huts. For example, Ralph comes up with the idea the idea that who ever holds the conch gets to talk. Also, Ralph is the one who comes up with the idea to get the boys names. Golding writes,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦If a ship comes near the island†¦We must make a fire.†(pg.35). This quote shows Ralph’s rational thinking on how to get rescued. Ralph thinks of the sensible thing to do for instance, Golding states â€Å"What was the sensible thing to do?†(pg.196). Due to Ralph’s rational thinking, he has  been interpreted to manifest the ego. Furthermore, readers have drawn conclusions that Piggy represents the super ego, Piggy acts like the conscience for the group; for example, Golding inscribes â€Å"What’s grown-ups goin’ to think? Young Simon was murdered.†(pg.157). This quote communicates how Piggy attempts to guilt the boys for the terrible crime they committed. Piggy comprehends moral values and tries to guilt Ralph for participating in the murder of Simon. Throughout the story Piggy constantly reminds Jack and Ralph about the priorities. He nags them incessantly about the fire, as well as; the importance of the conch and assemblies, the proper way to do a task, and how to act properly. Golding writes, â€Å"There was no Piggy to talk sense.†(pg.196). This quote justifies how Piggy acts like the boys conscience. In addition to Piggy, Simon has also been interpreted to represent the super ego based on his actions throughout the novel. For example, when the little kids wanted the fruit Simon got it down for them. Another example is when Simon attempts to warn the others that the beast is them. Golding states, â€Å"‘You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you?†(pg.136). Moreover, Simon’s moral values become evident when he gives meat to Piggy. Golding exclaims, â€Å"†¦Shoved the piece of meat over the rocks to Piggy.† Simons moral values on how to treat others, based on his actions in the novel clarifies how readers could draw conclusions that he embodies the super ego. Subsequently, interpretations on the novel have revealed Piggy’s death to represent the Id’s complete take over of the island. Golding exclaims, â€Å"The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow †¦the body of Piggy was gone.†(pg.180). Without Piggy, there is no moral reasoning to help make the right choices. After Piggy dies, Jack attempts to kill Ralph to eradicate rational thinking. This is an example of the Id’s superiority and strength over the ego, without the presence of the super ego. Without the super ego deciding the right from the wrong, the Id will take over. In the novel, had the naval officer not intervene, Jack would have completed the Id’s takeover of the egos by killing Ralph. As a final point, Golding uses Freud’s philosophies regarding the psyche to show human nature in Lord of the Flies. Ralph, Jack and Piggy represent the different parts of the psyche and what happens when one falls. Jack represents the Id with his impulses to kill. Piggy represents the super ego through his moral understanding, while Ralph symbolizes the ego, caught between the Id and super ego. Golding illustrates in â€Å"Lord of the Flies† that the Id is most powerful and comes out when a man is subjected to a primitive mindset. The further into this mindset, the stronger the Id becomes resulting in a loss of the ego and super ego. Works Cited Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York: The Berkley Publishing Group, 1954.