Ica Gh Syslabus

Goals and Expected Performance Outcome of each part THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS (GHANA) Syllabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations ACCRA 2009 Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana 1 Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations Contents Introduction Features and Inovations of the New Scheme Objectives and Expected Performance Outcomes of Each PART 1. 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 Financial Accounting Fundermentals Business Management Economics Management Information Systems PART 2. 1 2. 2. 3 2. Quantitative Tools in Business Audit and Internal Review Business and Corporate Law Principles and Practice of Taxation PART 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3. 4 Financial Reporting Public Sector Accounting Cost and Management Accounting Financial Management PART 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 Advanced Financial Reporting Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics Corporate Strategy and Governance Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy Review of Qualifying Examinations Syllabus May 2010 Proposed Transitional Arrangements 1 2 3 4 11 17 25 32 37 42 50 55 61 68 73 80 86 98 108 115 116 2 Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana Financial Accounting FundamentalsINTRODUCTION After about four years of sorting out assessments on the current prospectus of the Institute of Chartered Accountants (Ghana), proficient program, the first was held in May 2005, it is presently viewed as fitting and opportune to reconsider and refresh it so as to align it with current condition of information and to make it progressively pertinent to the current requests of businesses and customers. The activity of the Chartered Accountant has become progressively refined in light of the impacts of globalization, improvements in data innovation and the intricacy of the advanced business organisation.The cutting edge contracted bookkeeper, for example, not just communicates an assessment on the exactness and decency of fiscal reports, yet in addition educates the executives on the practicality with respect to speculation ventures, cha rge matters and renders specific warning administrations, and so forth. By and large, he is called upon to serve the country as an individual from a unique examination board. So as to play out these capacities respectably, he needs to have gained capability in bookkeeping hypothesis and practice. The new prospectus would be analyzed in May 2010. The new prospectus endeavors to meet the double objectives of the plan through the subject structure and coverage.The 16-subject, 4-level-structure assessment joins subjects which address the down to earth abilities prerequisites of the possible expert bookkeepers with others which are for the most part of the hypothetical or reasonable nature and in this way fills in as a decent establishing for the Professional Accountant. Rundown OF NEW STRUCTURE Exhibit 1: Chart of New Examination Scheme 1. 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 Financial Accounting Fundamentals Business Management Economics MIS and Business Systems 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3. 4 Financial Reporting Public Sector Accounting Cost and Management Accounting Financial Management PART 1PART 3 PART 2 PART 4 2. 1 2. 2. 3 2. 4 Quantitative Tools in Business Audit and Internal Review Business and Corporate Law Principles and Practice of Taxation 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 Advanced Financial Reporting Advanced Auditing and Professional Ethics Corporate Strategy and Governance Advanced Taxation and Fiscal Policy Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana 1 Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations FEATURES AND INNOVATIONS OF THE NEW SCHEME This new plan was created on an entrenched setting for a survey and change. The accompanying new highlights and developments stick out. A four-section structure of 16 papers altogether. †¢ Fusion and joining of certain courses. This is intended to energize an integrative learning approach and to limit the negative of the â€Å"tunnel vision† subject-by-subject preparing. The mix of related courses is in this way intended to infer additionally impor tance and collaborations. For instance, it isn't remarkable to discover fundamentally the same as questions and necessities on â€Å"Budgeting and Variance Analysis† in both the old [i. e. Current] Management Accounting and Cost Accounting papers. †¢ Clearly characterized and reachable taking in results from Part to Part.This ought to halfway determination the issues related with the situation of somewhat qualified competitors in industry and on different projects. †¢ A progressively sound, simple to-fit and actualize, graduate transformation and exception plot has been consolidated. It is trusted that this will spur higher evaluation up-and-comer entrantsâ€degree and certificate holders â€to obtain adequate bookkeeping skill and accelerate their possible expert capability. †¢ All understudies have ten (10) years from the date of enrollment inside which to finish all the assessments of the Institute of Chartered Accountants (Ghana).After the ten (10) year s time span any understudy who has not finished the assessments of the Institute won't be qualified to take the assessments. †¢ Better spotlight on business [financial] procedure and detailing or relational abilities, accordingly empowering contender to value the general real factors of the business condition and to utilize warning aptitudes all the more successfully. †¢ Introduction of some increasingly significant projects and fitting titles †the New Business Strategy is progressively about administration, settling on bookkeepers vital choices creators. Expanded accentuation on business warning abilities at the last Part 4. 2 Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana Financial Accounting Fundamentals OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED PERFORMANCE OUTCOME OF EACH PART Each of the 4 Parts of this assessment plot has a wide target and expected execution result as expressed beneath. Moreover, inside each subject at any Part, the schedule inclusion just as the point by point howeve r explicit destinations and learning results are expressed. The expansive goal and learning results of the four (4) Parts are as per the following: PART 1 †¢ 4 fundamental/establishment papers. Arrangement of essential standards and information required to comprehend the Business Environment. Section 2 †¢ Four (4) customary center papers. †¢ Test of specialized mastery expected of a cutting edge bookkeeper. †¢ Acquisition of foundation information and abilities important for compelling execution at center administration level. Section 3 †¢ Four (4) center papers. †¢ Emphasis on business cases, methodology and warning aptitudes. Section 4 †¢ Four (4) center papers. †¢ Emphasis on business cases, technique and warning aptitudes. Result and Interpretation The pass mark is half. The outcomes will be distributed as â€Å"pass† or â€Å"fail.A competitor who comes up short has the choice of changing this paper in ensuing assessments till his /her candidature lapses. Establishment of Chartered Accountants, Ghana 3 Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PROFESSIONAL PART 1 PAPER 1. 1: Financial Accounting Fundamentals 1. Goals AND LEARNING OUTCOMES This paper is intended to empower competitors gain and acknowledge principal bookkeeping information in associations. Toward the finish of the course, the up-and-comer ought to have the option to: Demonstrate sound information and comprehension of bookkeeping standards, ideas and their application in the readiness of monetary statements.To guarantee that understudies have a sound comprehension of the strategies of twofold section bookkeeping and can apply its standards in recording exchanges, changing money related records and getting ready non-complex budget reports. Ready to recognize and address exclusions and mistakes in bookkeeping records and fiscal summaries. Ready to indicate the segments of fiscal summaries and plan and present non-complex records for sole m erchants, associations and constrained organizations. Indicate why a substance keeps up budgetary records and gets ready monetary statements.Identify the wellsprings of data for the planning of bookkeeping records and fiscal summaries. Record and record for exchanges and occasions bringing about salary, costs, resources, liabilities and value as per the suitable premise of bookkeeping and the laws, guidelines and bookkeeping measures relevant to the fiscal reports. Set up a preliminary equalization from bookkeeping records and recognize the employments of the preliminary parity. Plan accounts and budget summaries from inadequate records. Comprehend the various bases of getting ready budget summaries. Apply some global monetary announcing standards.Define the subjective attributes of money related data and the key bases of bookkeeping FORM OF EXAMINATION The assessment will be a three-hour paper comprising of five mandatory inquiries. (All the five inquiries must be replied. ) 3. Pro spectus WEIGHTING GRID This matrix shows the general weightings of points inside this subject and should direct the relative investigation time spent on each. The imprints accessible in the evaluation will compare to the weightings beneath. 4 Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana †¢ 2. Money related Accounting FundamentalsHowever, there may be slight varieties in certain occurrences as they fill in as a guide in particular. Prospectus COVERAGE Conceptual Framework of Accounting, Maintaining Financial Records Principles of Double Entry and Books of Prime Entry Adjustments to Accounting Records and Financial Statements Accounting for non-current Assets (physical assets and intangibles) Preparation of Financial Statements including Cash Flow Preparation of Financial Statements for Non-benefit Making Organizations, Preparation of Financial Statements from Incomplete Records Accounting for specific exchanges Introduction to fiscal reports investigation TOTAL WEIGHTING (%) 0 15 2 0 15 10 100 Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana 5 Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations PAPER 1. 1 Financial Accounting Fundamentals MAIN TOPIC SYLABUS CONTENT (Cont

Buddhism And Hinduism In Usa Origins And Examples Essay Example For Students

Buddhism And Hinduism In Usa: Origins And Examples Essay The Unites States is home to the most assorted range of religions on the planet. There are portrayals of almost every religion on the planet. There are three essential ways religions show up in the US: import, fare, and things. Buddhism and Hinduism are two Asian religions that have made it over the Pacific Ocean and now exist close by numerous others in America. ISKCON, a type of Hinduism, and Zen, a type of Buddhism, are two such gatherings. Every single Indian development have consistently had a charming pioneer related with them. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada was the same. Conceived Abhay Charan De 1896-1977 was the organizer and otherworldly ace of ISKCON, International Society of Krishna Consciousness. He was given this crucial a young from his profound Visnuite pioneer upon his passing. He was an effective businessperson who had gone to the University of Calcutta. However it was not until he was 70 years of age and totally broke, that he went to the US. This was the ideal time, for it was the 1960s and it appeared everyone was investigating new types of otherworldliness. His convictions got on in this season of psyche expansionism. In each ISKCON sanctuary there will be an image of Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada on a special stepped area like set up. This shows how much regard ISKCON lovers have for their previous pioneer. Each religion has a given arrangement of rules or certain specialists that lovers must follow. ISKCON individuals need to fundamentally surrender their lives to their otherworldly ace. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada created four guidelines that must consistently be followed: no eating meat, fish, or eggs; no inspire sex; no intoxicants; and no betting. ISKCON is by all accounts progressively centered around the orthopraxy of their ways as opposed to putting together themselves with respect to old ways. Individuals need to declare Krishna as their preeminent Lord in each structure. Sanctuaries have special raised areas and numerous sculptures or delineations of Krishna in which one can perform puja to Krishna. Mantras are additionally played out a few times day by day. These mantras are normally extremely straightforward like, ?Hare Krishna, Hare Rama.? Like different types of Hinduism, ISKCON holds the Vedas and the Bhagavad Gita truly obvious, yet doesn't follow customary Indian way s. Enthusiasts of Krishna accept that he lives in a paradisal world and with enough love and dedication for Krishna they can break free from the karmic cycle and go into this heaven. ISKCON convictions are gotten from the Chaitanya Krishnaite group, which was begun by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. He is accepted to have been a manifestation of Radha and Krishna. He instructed that with enough love for Krishna, one could consume with smoldering heat from karma to accomplish moksha. ISKCON and Chaitanya Krishnaitism contrasts from other Vishnuite gatherings, since they don't hold Vishnu as there God, however only one of his manifestations. Moundsville, West Virginia is home to numerous ISKCON individuals. These individuals live and take a shot at common ranches. The profound ace leads ISKCON individuals through everything about their lives. They have conclusive timetables in which they follow day by day. These calendars are either isolated into time spent dealing with the ranches or missionizing, and performing puja or reciting a mantra to Krishna. Despite the fact that dating isn't permitted individuals might be hitched, yet the ace consistently organizes them. Sex is for reproduction just and furthermore must be conceded by the ace. ISKCON is continually trying to extend and acquire devotees of Krishna, consequently is a fare religion. It isn't extraordinary to see a part on the side of a road moving, singing ?Hare Krishna,? what's more, passing out solicitations to their gatherings. In contrast to ISKCON, Zen is an import religion. Zen is by all accounts related with the world class of society. This is expected for the most part to the way that either just taught individuals are presented to it or that numerous individuals can't manage the cost of the expense of retreats or potentially Zen books. In ISKCON, they essentially aside from any individual who is eager to take on their convictions. Zen is gotten from the kind of contemplation which is practice. Zen is a type of Mahayan Buddhism, which accepts that in an ?incredible vehicle? which will take everybody to the last goal of Nirvana. Everybody is or can turn into a Buddha in Mahayan convictions. This makes it look assuaging to potential fans. Since the Buddha had faith in adoration and empathy, he would not desert anybody. Thusly nirvana is accomplished through and with everybody. There seems to be much more opportunity engaged with Mahayan and Zen convictions then in ISKCON since one doesn't have a tremendous arrangement of rules and rules, but instead must have confidence in the Buddha. I do see a great deal of likenesses in the Zen with draws and the ISKCON cooperatives. The two of them have an unmistakable pioneer who makes a large portion of the guidelines and the supporters that have explicit devout obligations in which they perform every day. .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 , .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 .postImageUrl , .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 , .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47:hover , .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47:visited , .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47:active { border:0!important; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47:active , .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47:hover { obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc 74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uc74ae961c81a17d2734ba7cea71f7d47:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: American Psycho College Essay PaperZen individuals don't follow the Buddhas eight-overlap way yet rather underscore more on benevolent acts. Zen appears to have broken liberated from increasingly customary Buddhist ways. Like ISKCON they are worried about the orthopraxy of their ways. They are not worried about doctrines or a great deal of customs however center around puzzles, known as koans, which are assume to invigorate the brain. Zen is likewise like ISKCON in the manner they each have an otherworldly pioneer that heads up practically all undertakings. The Zen ace as a rule will raise these koans so as to bring a satori or ?shock? to the psyche, which will cause edification. In Zen, arriving at Nirvana or accomplishing edification is going to the acknowledgment that one and everything is vacant. Like ISKCON, Zen can be very gathering focused. On withdraws, individuals have certain religious obligations that they need to perform. Zen is very group situated in contemplation just as in work and work. They perform zazen, bunch contemplation, to accomplish this feeling of void together. This contemplation is frequently thorough, and can keep going extended periods of time. This stun treatment is utilized to bring the brain to an abrupt halt to realize this condition of nirvana, which is truly vacancy. They have sutras or hallowed messages in Buddism, however Zen fans look more onto their reflections, mantras, and pioneers for power. Zen lessons are not drawn from content yet rather from brain to mind. An extraordinary feeling of heredity is found in Zen. Each Zen ace is believed to be the genuine Buddha. The Zen ace picks his replacement before his demise. The ace is held above every other person. He additionally directs a roshi, which are close to home meetings with the Zen unde rstudies. By doing this he can tell the understudy how they are getting along in there studies and musings. Both ISKCON and Zen have incredible intrigue to the majority at the simplicity of accomplishing bliss or edification. They as a rule include a basic mantra or contemplation. Retreats and mutual issues appear to be excessively severe on how they handle every one of their issues. I think opportunity and essential rights are lost to the detriment of the lover at the retreats or cooperatives. Despite the fact that ISKCON and Zen are gotten from two totally different religions, one can see numerous similitudes between them. I figure this might be connected tot he comparative time, the manner in which they arrived at the US, and the simplicity of making progress in them. Religion

Hale, Nathan

Hale, Nathan Hale, Nathan, 1755â€"76, American soldier, hero of the American Revolution, b. Coventry, Conn. A young schoolteacher when the Revolution broke out, he was commissioned an officer in the Connecticut militia, served in the siege of Boston, then went to take part in operations in New York. He volunteered for the dangerous mission of getting information about the British forces on Long Island, where he went in the natural disguise of a schoolmaster. Inexperienced, he revealed his mission to a former British officer, was captured, and was hanged without trial. He is remembered especially for the statement he is said to have uttered on the gallows, I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. See biography by H. P. Johnston (1914); M. Pennypacker, General Washington's Spies on Long Island and in New York (1939). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U. S. History: Biographies

The Rebellion Of The Jamaica - 847 Words

On October 11, 1865, Paul Bogle and a group of free blacks marched into Morant Bay protesting a local trail, which resulted in a full-scale uprising that caused deaths and destruction. Free blacks had economic troubles and little to power in colonial society because of their limited access to resources. By July 8, 1865, the Jamaica Guardian captured the people’s discontent with Governor Edward John Eyre, who served as British official on the island. In this message of discontent, the people call for his removal because of his â€Å"weak, vacillating, and undignified† character and conduct. The people became quite discontent with the British official because of his actions regarding the Morant Bay Rebellion. He responded to the rebellion with force and violence by declaring martial law in Surrey County and accused George William Gordon, a free black businessman, of being part of the rebellion that led to death. This whirlwind of events caused many to question Eyre†™s leadership and led to the establishment of the Jamaica Committee, a group of men from England. This group wanted to imprison the governor for his actions, but their actions led to his removal from office. This event created much havoc and chaos in England and Jamaica because it disturbed the British masses, which questioned the effectiveness of colonial rule after the Sepoy Munity of 1857. The cases received a large amount of political and public attention because two schools of thought existed in the debate. OneShow MoreRelatedJamaica, A Large Melting Pot Of Many Cultures And Tourist Attractions1241 Words   |  5 PagesJamaica, a large melting pot of many cultures and tourist attractions, is one of most interesting places on earth. Jamaica currently has a population of 2.9 million, making it the third largest countries in the Caribbean region. 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The introduction of new technological advanced innovations...

The introduction of new technological advanced innovations and methods during the Market Revolution changed the means of production and transportation for the future, creating an easily accessible, interconnected world. As people rejoice over the positive outcomes due to the spread of ideas, goods, and services, many neglect the detrimental results. Due to modern mechanism of transportation and production, ideas, goods and services arent the only things transported across national borders. Human trafficking, the transportation of people across international borders, increased tremendously after the Market Revolution and continues to be a dominant issue in present day. Although some people cross borders in search of a better life, an†¦show more content†¦However, limited types of jobs are offered to uneducated and unskilled women. According to Lillian Robinson in her journal about the limited job market for women that increase the employment in the sex industry, â€Å"†¦all available jobs share the drawbacks of long hours, hard work in unsafe conditions, an absence of collective bargaining, fringe benefits, and protective legislation and little hope for advancement through workplace training or seniority† (Robinson, 56). Robinson explains that the most common types of job offered are domestic servants, factory or restaurant workers, and prostitution and due to gender inequality, employers offer employment for women with lower wages for strenuous hours in unsafe working conditions, thus copious women choose prostitution with the desire of earning more money to send home and having more control of their work in certain aspects. Furthermore, some women have no choice because many cultures value males more than females, thus daughters are more likely to be sold. Families often sell their daughter(s) to recruiters in exchange for a sum of money. While some women are able to buy themselves out of prostitution after working a certain amount of yea rs, many remain in the sex industry. As the sex industry becomes more prominent in society, copious individuals urge the government to take actions. These people argued for the total prohibition of prostitution with strict regulations against those participating in either the act ofShow MoreRelatedProstitution : Prostitution And Prostitution1169 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution is illegal in the United States, except for some counties in Nevada. However, prostitution is in most part of the United States, despite the fact that it has been legalized. Prostitution is an act whereby, one sells his/her body for sex. In the United States, Prostitution is divided into three broad categories; street, escort, and brothel prostitution. 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Canada is a nation renown for promoting the advancement of women in all parts of the world. However, it is a nation guilty of punishing women for the circumstances in which they find themselves. The prostitution laws in Canada showsRead MoreProstitution And The Law : Prostitution2362 Words   |  10 PagesProstitution and the Law Prostitution, also known as commercial sex or solicitation, is the business of preforming sexual activities in exchange for monetary compensation. Prostitution can be seen in many different outlets, from brothels and streetwalkers, to top of the line escort or call-girl services. Prostitution laws make it a crime to suggest, consent, or participate in a sexual act for the benefit of receiving payment (FindLaw, 2016). 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In many jurisdictions prostitution is illegal. In other places prostitution itself is legal, but surrounding activities are illegal. In other jurisdictions prostitution is legal and regulated. In most jurisdictions which

Possible Danger Signs on Gre Analytical Writing Solutions to the Real Essay Topics Pdf You Should Know

Possible Danger Signs on Gre Analytical Writing Solutions to the Real Essay Topics Pdf You Should Know It may be wise to generate a list of your personal go-to topics things it is simple to talk or write about. Since I read it every week, I typically have been thinking about a few present events I can apply to numerous Issue topics. It's possible that while explaining your stand, you divert from the subject and begin discussing another situation. This is going to be the first in a string of appetizer recipes that we plan on posting here on our site. Come to consider it, the book doesn't devote any time speaking about different scores and what the scorers are searching for. Dozens of books offered on the market give ample info about those topics that might or might not be required. I would entirely advise this book. A book could possibly be listed, but it doesn't mean that you will need to absorb the entire thing. The primary aim of technological advancement ought to be to increase people's efficiency so they have more leisure time. All necessary fields have to be filled out for us in order to process your form. Some people think that scientific discoveries have given us a far better mastery of the world around us. In reality, technology frees humanity to not just tackle new issues, but may itself create new issues which did not exist without technology. To understand the most essential features of a society, you must study its major cities. Some people today claim that the objective of politics ought to be the pursuit of an ideal. The ideal way to fix environmental problems brought on by consumer-generated waste is for towns and cities to impose strict limits on the total amount of trash they'll accept from every household. The new financial downturn was mostly due to financial leaders who wanted to earn plenty of money. There's a decently crafted essay response to several GRE essays. You will discover that you are able to use a lot of them for many essays don't let the very first thing that springs to mind box you in. The essays have to be written with regard to the provided instructions. Before you even begin writing an essay, it is crucial to understand what you would like to say. Continue reading for a discussion of the various ways this essay meets the requirements for an ideal score. You may observe that many Issue Essay prompts make statements that are tough to completely support. In the issue essay, you will be supplied a topic that's debatable. For more information regarding the different rubrics for the various essay tasks, read our articles about how to compose perfect-scoring GRE Issue and Argument essays. In addition, it tests the usage of grammar and sentence formation. The mixture of these 2 methods of connecting the 2 paragraphs causes a smooth logical flow from 1 idea to the next. If it's possible to write coherently the very first time, you can discover that saving time to reread your writing isn't that useful. Critical judgment of work in any certain field has little value unless it comes from a person who is a specialist in that area. However, this color is best worn while the weather is warm. Indeed, style isn't in any way mentioned. Governments should provide a totally free university education to any student that has been admitted to a university but who can't afford the tuition. Some individuals think that universities should require every student to have a wide variety of courses away from the student's field of study. Other people think that such competition seriously limits the standard of authentic learning. Inside my experience, this is the 1 portion of the test that students have a tendency to under-prepare for.

Intervention of Non-Communicable Disease-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Provide the reference of the article and describe the following: The intervention being employed, and how the intervention relates to the hypothesised aetiological mechanism by which the exposure is associated with the outcome The findings of the example article you selected 2.Summarise the evidence-base that supports (or does not support) the intervention in the article you selected Consider the following elements for this question: How many studies of the association? What type of intervention studies? Based on what samples, or population-bases? Are findings across these studies consistent and coherent, particularly from studies of similar or more powerful study designs? Are the results plausible in terms of a biological mechanism? Answers: 1.The article by Meeker et al. (2016) reviews the use of a behavioral intervention to prevent acute respiratory tract infection which is a non-communicable infection, to reducing antibiotic use that causes serious effects. The behavioral interventions can be implemented together or in isolation. They include suggested alternatives, accountable justification, and peer comparisons. Suggested options present electronic order sets that suggested nonantibiotic treatment. Responsible justifications involved clinicians in using patients file to prescribe antibiotics into the health records of the patient without seeing the patient. Peer comparison involved comparing the performance of top performance with their lower prescribed antibiotics rate. The behavioral intervention was going to be measured by the standards at which patient pick antibiotic drugs from the clinic. It was realized that during the baseline period when the intervention had not been done the rates were recorded very high at 24%. The rates after the three intervention had dropped to 11%. The use of the three interventions had led to the drop of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections. 2.Despite free publications of how overuse of antibiotics exposes patients to the unnecessary risk of prevalence of bacteria. Most clinicians persist in giving out this drugs for the respiratory tract infection as is in the clinical guidelines. This leads to the rise of the need to find a behavioral solution. Researchers are also exploiting psychological issues as a way of remedying the stalemate. They focus on cognitive and psychological measures, like the ones used in this case. The research used being cognitive modeled adheres to the psychological demands. Several studies have shown that antibiotics are wrongly prescribed to patients instead of using alternatives method such as the ones used above. The intervention effect that was observed represent deductions inappropriate prescribing of drugs. The Hawthorne effect was the one applied to the control condition, this involved. The alteration of individual behavior for the impact and fear of being observed. As the patients were sure they were being seen as the disease, they changed their behavior to ones that suit them. The change of conduct led to low antibiotic rate, therefore, proving the intervention worked. Hawthorne theory was therefore relevant to the intervention. Previous studies on antibiotic justification notes have shown that when this method is used without public accountability to the patient, a negative result will be realized. With the target being peers intervention method prove the best in comparison with adult feedback. The findings across the two studies are consistent and consistent. Comparing to the model of Gerber et al. where the model trajectories are used (Meeker et al., 2016). The control taken early is inconsistent with the 24% recorded by the same that uses the same time of intervention, 18 months. This model measures the effect of each intervention on all the practices that did not receive the intervention (Kotwani, Joshi, Jhamb Holloway, 2017). The design also is in line with the approach of the primary model used when testing the diagnosis shift. The potential antibiotic, appropriate for infection diagnosed increased with the increase of the respiratory tract infection. Elements of analytic approach were also in line with the one used. Hierarchical modeling that involves performing the interaction based analysis. The original investigation used during the feedback produced the same result (Dekker et al., 2018). The result is plausible based on the following reasons; There isnt any potential harm .the three intervention as recorded within the 18 months of intervention did not cause any documented injuries to anyone. The damage that was feared for the group that was using all the three methods could deteriorate fast did not happen (Harris, Hicks Qaseem, 2016). This, therefore, proves that the technique was clinical and can be implemented without harm. None of the intervention required severe changes to the environment. The peer comparison was expected to change the primary care practices of some patients, but it did not. It turned to be most pragmatic and the simplest to perform. The intervention, therefore, is plausible as minimal changes are done to the environment (Hovi, Ollgren Savolainen-Kopra, 2017). There is a temporal relationship between the three interventions to the outcome; It is very likely that after the intervention. The rates might go up again especially for the group that used peer comparison as a way of intervention; this is because it did not involve a lot of changes, making it easier to slide back to the use of antibiotics. The healthy relationship between the methods and the outcome is present. The intervention methods accountable justification as the behavioral intervention cause a significant change in the environmental health of the individual. Therefore it is behavioral that the individual will adapt leading to a somewhat permanent outcome. The somewhat stable outcome shows, there is a healthy relationship between the result and the intervention. There was no restriction of a group that influenced the outcome, except the clinicians working on so many patients. Therefore fatigue might have affected the outcome. The rest of the result remained the same, including pay, choice of treatment and mode of treatment. There could be measurement bias on the part of the intervention group as each group was comfortable until intervention group that applied both the two intervention. They came back for frequent diagnoses (Little et al., 2015). This, therefore, recommends that for future use potential and further research should be done. The result was affected by particular limitation but of negligible units. The number of clinicians available was very few to prescribe and take a keen prescription for the individual. This limits generalizability and accuracy. The result that was dependent on variable factors could be difficult to compare. This factors that range from the environment, billing data and EHR, which might at some point affected the general measurement. The safety analyses were only based on the people who came back to the clinical organization. There could be people who went into other clinics or stayed at home but got harms (Cabral, Lucas, Ingram, Hay Horwood, 2015). In conclusion, the method used for intervention can be used to control inappropriate antibiotic for respiratory tract infection based on behavioral interventions. References Cabral, C., Lucas, P. J., Ingram, J., Hay, A. D., Horwood, J. (2015). It's safer to parent consulting and clinician antibiotic prescribing decisions for children with respiratory tract infections: an analysis across four qualitative studies.Social science medicine,136, 156-164. Dekker, A. R., Verheij, T. J., Broekhuizen, B. D., Butler, C. C., Cals, J. W., Francis, N. A., ... van der Velden, A. W. (2018). Effectiveness of general practitioner online training and an information booklet for parents on antibiotic prescribing for children with respiratory tract infection in primary care: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Harris, A. M., Hicks, L. A., Qaseem, A. (2016). Appropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection in adults: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Annals of internal medicine,164(6), 425-434. Hovi, T., Ollgren, J., Savolainen-Kopra, C. (2017). Intensified hand-hygiene campaign including soap-and-water wash may prevent acute infections in office workers, as shown by a recognized-exposure-adjusted analysis of a randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases,17(1), 47. Kotwani, A., Joshi, P. C., Jhamb, U., Holloway, K. (2017). Prescriber and dispenser perceptions about antibiotic use in acute uncomplicated childhood diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection in New Delhi: Qualitative study.Indian Journal of Pharmacology,49(6), 419. Lee, M. H. M., Pan, D. S. T., Huang, J. H., Mark, I., Chen, C., Chong, J. W. C., ... Wong, C. S. (2017). Results from a patient-based health education intervention in reducing antibiotic use for acute upper respiratory tract infections in the private sector primary care setting in Singapore.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy,61(5), e02257-16. Little, P., Stuart, B., Hobbs, F. D. R., Moore, M., Barnett, J., Popoola, D., ... Yao, G. (2015). An internet-delivered handwashing intervention to modify influenza-like illness and respiratory infection transmission (PRIMIT): a primary care randomised trial.The Lancet,386(10004), 1631-1639. Meeker, D., Linder, J. A., Fox, C. R., Friedberg, M. W., Persell, S. D., Goldstein, N. J., ... Doctor, J. N. (2016). Effect of behavioral interventions on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing among primary care practices: a randomized clinical trial.Jama,315(6), 562-570.